106 
HEMLOCK SPRUCE. 
the canoes of Birch bark, the seams of which are afterwards smeared with 
a resin, improperly called gum , that distils from the tree. 
Sir A. B. Lambert asserts that the hark is employed in tanning; this 
may possibly he true in Lower Canada and Newfoundland, which I have 
not visited, hut it is never done in Maine, New Brunswick and Nova 
Scotia. ' The branches are not used -for beer, because the leaves when 
bruised diffuse an unpleasant odor, which they are said to communicate to 
the liquid. 
This species is much more common in France than the Black Spruce. 
It is an elegant tree while young, and as it forms an agreeable contrast 
with the darker foliage of the other Spruces, it is esteemed a valuable 
ornament for parks and gardens. 
Nurserymen in France and Germany distinguish two varieties, the White 
or Silver Spruce and the Blue Spruce. 
PLATE ÇXLVIII. 
A branch with a cone of the natural size. Fig. 1, A leaf. Fig . 2, A seed. 
HEMLOCK SPRUCE. 
Abies canadensis. A. arbor maxima ; ramis gracilibus ; ramulis novellis mb 
losissimis ; foliis solitariis, planis , subdistichis ; strobilis terminalibus , mini- 
mis. , ovatis , despicientibus. 
The Hemlock Spruce is known only by this name throughout the United 
States, and by that of Ferusse among the French inhabitants of Canada. 
It is natural to the coldest regions of the New World, and begins to appear 
about Hudson’s Bay, in latitude 51°; near Lake St. John, and in the 
neighborhood of Quebec, it fills the forests, and in Nova Scotia, New 
Brunswick, the District of Maine, the State of Vermont and the upper 
part of New Hampshire, where I have observed it, it forms three quarters 
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