NORTH AMERICAN EARLY TERTIARY BRYOZOA. 
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Fig. 48. — Family Scrupocellariidae Levinsen, 1909. 
A-E. 8 crupocellaria scrvposa Linnaeus, 1758. A. Left lateral side of larva. B. Dorsal face 
of same. C. Ventral or oral face. (A-C after Calvet, 1900.) b, superior vesicular collar; 
ba, palette or pigmentary spots; cal, calotte (terminal bud) ; co, corona; fc, ciliated furrow; fo, 
ventral or oral face ; plv, vibratile plume ; osi, orifice of the internal sack ; spa, palleal furrow ; 
la, pigmentary spots. D. Portion of a zoarium, showing structure, X 78. E. Another portion, 
X 66. (D-E after Claparede, 1870.) 
F. Menipea benemunita Busk, 1884. Sketch showing anatomy. (After Jullien, 1888.) 
G-J. Scrupocellaria diegensis Robertson, 1905. G. Portion of a branch, X 50, showing form 
of zooecia (zoe), with large scutum (sc), spines on the upper margin of the aperture or opesium, 
one or more of which are bifid ( bi. sp ) ; also lateral avicularium ( lat. av ) and frontal 
avicularium on the zooecium at bifurcation (bi. av.). On those zooecia not possessing ooecia the 
vibracular chamber, plainly visible with its long vibraculum ( v ). H. Dorsal view of a 
few zooecia, X 50, to show vibracular chamber (v. b.) sustaining the long vibraculum (v) at 
its summit, and showing the groove (gr) extending in the direction of the length of the zooecia. 
At the base of the vibracular chamber, and to one side of the groove, is the pore (p) from which 
the root fibei - , or radicell (r) extends ( fr . av) frontal avicularium, ( j ) joint, (oe) ooecium. I. 
A vibracular chamber, enlarged, to show detail. J. The avicularium on zooecium at bifurcation, 
enlarged to show its large muscular portion (mus) and the obliquely directed mandible (man). 
(G-J after Robertson, 1905.) 
