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BULLETIN 106, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
Genotype.- — Lloplocheilina spectabilis Canu, 1911. 
Range. — C enomanian-M aestrichtian. 
The species of this genus are : 
Hoplocheilina, ( Eschar a ) osculifera Reuss, 1877. Cenomanian, Germany. 
Hoplocheilina ( Eschara ) ichnoidea Hagenow, 1851. Maestrichtian, Belgium. 
Hoplocheilina ( R ep t eschar ell ina ) prolijera Gabb and Horn, 1862, Danian of 
New Jersey. 
Hoplocheilina ( Lepmlia ) russelli Pergens, 1893, Maestrichtian, Belgium. 
Hoplocheilina spectabilis Canu, 1911, Bocanean, Argentina. 
Subfamily Lunulariidae Levinsen, 1909. 
The zoarium is a Lunulites — that is, a conical, cupuliform disk. Vibracula are 
present. The opesiular indentations are very inconstant. 
The only known genus is Lunularia , the structure of which is described below 
as a result of our own studies. 
Genus LUNULARIA Busk, 1884. 
1884. Lunularia Busk, Report on Polyzoa collected by Challenger, Cbeilostomata, vol. 10, 
pt. 30, p. 208. 
The zoarium has the Lunulites form. The avicularia are symmetrical. Ex- 
teriorly and interiorly the zooecia are arranged in radial rows. The cryptocyst is 
more or less developed. Both radicular and hydrostatic zooecia are present. The 
ovicell is endozooecial. 
Genotype. — Lunulites capulus Busk, 1884. 
R ange .■ — Cenomani an — Recent. 
Historical. — Lunulites Lamarck 1812 is not a definite generic type, but is 
merely a zoarial form adopted for certain reasons. This style of growth obtains 
in many genera of cheilostomatous bryozoa, as Otionella and Trochopora in the 
Anasca Mdlacostega; L.unularia and Selenaria in the Anasca Coilostega and 
Stichopora , Fedora , and Bipora in the Ascophora. 
All of the fossils hitherto grouped under the general name of Lunulites must 
now be classified according to their affinities. In 1900, Canu made the first and 
timid attempt. In 1912, Waters brought forth anatomical proof, which will be 
cited when the occasion demands. 
Structure of the Lunulites. — The hydrostatic zoarial system of the L.unulites 
bryozoa is very complicated and we are still ignorant of many of the details. The 
larva ordinarily attaches itself firmly on a grain of sand. The ancestrula which is 
derived from it immediately gives rise to some closed hydrostatic zooecia which 
by their lightness permit the zoarium to commence its growth by ascending away 
from the sand dangerous to its development. (Aborted zooecia of D’Orbignv.) 
When in the vicinity of algae, the zoarium remains fixed under their fronds. 
When they do not offer sufficient shelter, the closed zooecia transform themselves 
into perforated, calcified zooecia which are radicular; the radicles then attach the 
zoarium to shells, stones, or small algae. The zoarium continues to develop in 
