412 
BULLETIN 106, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
This cosmopolitan species is very widespread in Europe since the Lutetian, 
in its normal form. Here in America it does not begin until the Vicksburgian and 
it is not abundant. 
The characteristics of this species are: (1) A peristome complete in front and 
with 6 spines behind; (2) a small mucro placed in a groove of the peristome; 
(3) two large oblique avicularia. The orifice is an orbicular external aperture 
without any connection with the real aperture which is invisible and buried below 
the mucro. 
Occurrence. — Vicksburgian (Marianna limestone) : West bank of Conecuh 
River, Escambia County, Alabama (common) ; Murder Creek, east of G'astlebury, 
Conecuh County, Alabama (rare). 
Geological Distribution. — Lutetian of Bavaria (Koschinisky) and of Paris 
(Canu) ; Priabonian of the Vicentin (Reuss, Gottardi, Waters), of Transylvania 
(Pergens) ; Chattian of Germany (Reuss) ; Burdigalian of the Gard (Pergens) ; 
Helvetian of Servia (Pergens), of Italy (Seguenza, Neviani), of the Gard and 
the Herault (Canu), of Touraine (Canu) ; Tortonian of Austria-Hungary (Reuss) ; 
Zanclean of Italy (Seguenza) ; Sahelian of Algeria (Canu) ; Plaisancian of 
Italy (Manzoni, Neviani) ; Astian of Italy (Seguenza) ; Sicilian of Italy (Segu- 
enza, Neviani) ; Quaternary of Italy (Seguenza, Neviani) ; Miocene of Australia 
(Waters) . 
This species is chiefly littoral. It has been observed in the eastern Atlantic from 
Madeira to Spitzberg, and in the western Mediterranean from 0 to 100 meters of 
depth. Nevertheless it has been dredged from 180 meters in the Gulf of Gascony 
and from 349 meters north of Norway. In this last station the temperature of the 
depths was -(-3.5° C. 
PJesiotypes. — Cat. No. 64285, U.S.N.M. 
PERISTOMELLA COCCINEA RESUPINATA Manzoni, 1875. 
Plate 87, fig. 14. 
1875. Lepralia resupinata Manzoni, Briozoi del pliocene aiitico di Castrocari, p. 20, p. 11, 
fig. 26. 
1900. Mucronella coccinea, var. resupinata Neviani, Bryozoa neogenica delle Calabrie 
Baleontographia Italiea, vol. 6, p. 216 (96) (Bibliography regional). 
This variety is characterized by the length of the false peristome. Below the 
external aperture there is an elongated tubular part which is not a true peristomie, 
but a simple modification of the frontal. This modification probably aims to give 
a tubular form to the locella and to thus facilitate the extrusion of the tentacles. 
The interareolar costules are also much accentuated. On the proximal part of the 
peristome there is a small overhanging mucro. 
In France we have never observed this variety. In Italy, according to Segu- 
enza, it is not rare to find some specimens marking the intermediate stages from 
the type. Here in America the zoarium is incrusting sometimes'; more often it is 
free and more or less vinculariform ; it is probable that the axis of such zoaria is 
formed by a tier of thin filaments of algae around which the zooecia are grouped. 
