coal: the resource AND IT'S full utilization. 
17 
IV. 
Although the whole coal problem has been approached from the 
point of view of effecting advances in utilization that will tend pri- 
marily to the advantage of the householder, the plans outlined may 
be extended to meet an appreciable portion of the requirements of 
industry; in fact, their success even requires a certain coordination 
with the fuel needs of industrial activities. As already pointed out, 
development of artificial anthracite will give an excess of gas over 
present domestic wants which must be consumed, in part, in power 
generation now dependent upon raw coal. Artificial anthracite 
itself would be suitable for steam raising and therefore offer to 
industry the same advantages that it holds for the home, including 
the possibility, if fully used, of making our cities and railways com- 
pletely smokeless. The adequate development of artificial anthra- 
cite, in coordination with a large coal-products industry, may be 
expected to create a competitor for raw coal that would gradually 
put it out of use; for there is no insuperable reason why the fuel 
portion of coal should not be widely available at less cost than raw 
coal. The alternate plan of complete gasification of coal, with by- 
product recovery as carried out in municipal public utility plants, 
would of course offer abundant gas for industrial use in manufac- 
turing centers, enabling the wastful steam engines to be replaced by 
the more efficient internal combustion engine; while at the mine a 
similar procedure, under private control, could be made to supply 
gas for nearby distribution or convertible at once into electrical 
energy, susceptible of effective transmission within a radius of two 
hundred miles. Electrical energy, indeed, is now being generated at 
the mine mouth in some of the more populous coal-mining regions, 
with the difference that the coal is not gasified but is used in the raw 
state under steam boilers; offering the objection, therefore, of inade- 
quate recovery of energy and commodity values. 
In Europe, with the necessity for economies in fuel consumption, 
far greater advances in the utilization of coal have been attained 
than in the United States. And these advances, it may be observed, 
are such as to lend the encouragement of successful experience to 
the changes in coal utilization demanded by the needs of our own 
situation. The status of the British gas industry has already been 
adverted to as higher than that of the corresponding activity in the 
United States; while the by-product coaking of coal, as is well 
known, has been carried further in Germany than elsewhere, resulting 
in the strong position attained by that country in the manufacture 
of dyestuffs, chemicals, and explosives. Noteworthy progress abroad 
centers also around the development and use of producer gas, the 
