40 BULLETIN 102, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
antagonistic to those of manufacture. Where such a situation is 
permitted to develop in accentuated form, an economic* policy satis- 
factory to the two extremes would appear to involve a type of con- 
cord foreign to human nature. 
The influence of energy resources in an unfavorable and favorable 
direction may be illustrated by two examples; one drawn from con- 
ditions obtaining in New England, and the other taken from recent 
industrial developments in the South Atlantic States. 
In New England the foundations of industrialism were laid during 
the regime of water power. With the advent of steam power the 
abundance of coal available to the Middle Atlantic States set up a 
strong counter attraction which entailed a steady migration of indus- 
try away from the New England section, since this area contains no 
coal, and is marked by physiographic conditions which provide inade- 
quate gateways for rail transportation and necessitate a roundabout 
rail-to-water-to-rail service exposed to all manner of exigency. -1 
Still, with the advantages of its early start, New England maintained 
a powerful asset in the form of skilled labor, and the weight of this 
factor has overbalanced the lack of an adequate power supply in 
those special forms of industry involving specialized workmanship. 
These, therefore, still prevail and reflect the peculiar color of the 
situation. But in the newer industrial sections elsewhere skill of 
workmanship is in process of development, and is steadily lessening 
the attraction of an advantage which transiently favors New England. 
In time this factor will be practically neutralized, and with continued 
inequality of power supply New England will see its industrial life 
narrowing under the cumulative weight of a growing handicap. 
This is an example, then, of how a natural power supply may create 
a development in one part of the country at the expense of another 
section, a circumstance not making for unity of interest. 
The South Atlantic area resembles New England in respect to 
power resources; coal must be hauled in from a distance and water 
power is fairly abundant. But whereas the industrialism of New 
England is the oldest in the country, that of the South is among the 
youngest. Here, indeed, the growth of industry has been largely 
a matter of the past 15 or 20 years, subsequent, therefore, to the intro- 
duction of electricity as a motive force. In consequence much of the 
upgrowth is built upon the use of hydroelectric power, and tends to be 
distributive — that is to say, natural — instead of a forced growth in 
proximity to localized coal belts. Coming into action late the indus- 
trialism of the South, unhampered by tradition and unencumbered 
by obsolescent power establishments, took over the practice best 
suited to its needs. Thus while the Northeastern States form an 
’ The weakness of New England in this respect was very conspicuous during the past 
winter. 
