6 
CONTENTS. 
Natural gas distribution — Continued. P age> 
Peak load service 35 
Peak loads increase cost of service 36 
Basic reasons for large sales of industrial gas 37 
Peak load conditions analogous to strap hanger problem 38 
Use of auxiliary heating appliances 40 
Few improvements in art of using natural gas 40 
Cooldng and heating distinguished 40 
What is usable natural gas pressure 41 
Accuracy of meter registration at low and various gas pressures 4.2 
Effect of gas pressure on gas leakage 42 
Gas meter facts 42 
Distinction between luxury and necessity in natural gas service 43 
Consumer is responsible for economic use of gas 43 
Barometric changes make more difference on total pressure than gage pres- 
sure variation 44 
Atmospheric temperature changes heating value of gas more than changes 
in gage pressure 44 
Effect of pressure or temperature changes on heating value of gas 44 
Combustion of natural gas 46 
Effect of atmospheric temperature on demands for gas 47 
Daily demands for gas heating service 47 
Monthly demands for gas heating service 48 
Why standards for natural gas service must be lower than for manufactured 
gas 48 
Discount for lower pressures stimulates waste 49 
Extension of service 50 
Waste and conservation of natural gas 51 
Definition of conservation 51 
Extent of waste 51 
Specific forms of waste 52 
Drilling wastes 52 
Well operation wastes 53 
Transmission wastes 53 
Utilization wastes 54 
Definition of ‘ ‘offset well ” 55 
Drilling offset wells may make existing wells commercially worthless 56 
Why offset wells are frequently dry 56 
Why offset wells are frequently of low capacity ' 56 
When is the drilling of offset wells justifiable? 57 
Public pays for wasteful operation 57 
Gas leakage 58 
Definition of carbon black 59 
Waste in carbon black manufacture 59 
Why carbon black manufacture may be more attractive than public utility 
service 60 
Small capital in carbon black plant as compared to public utility plant. . 61 
Competition always economic waste 62 
Ease in drilling invites competition 62 
Critical need of the natural gas industry 62 
Effect of governmental opposition to unified control 63 
Pooling of field operations mandatory if waste is to be reduced 63 
Provincial thinking cause of most natural gas waste 64 
Characteristics of natural gas prospectors and new gas supplies 65 
Conservation of natural gas possible only with profitable operation 65 
When is it commercially feasible to conserve gas or develop new supplies? 65 
