10 
BULLETIN" 102, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
CLASSIFICATION OF MANUFACTURED-GAS CONSUMERS. 
This is shown in graphical form in Figure 7, which shows that 75 
per cent of the total gas sold is used for domestic purposes and only a 
small percentage of the total — namely, 18 per cent — for lighting, so 
that 57 per cent is used for cooking, hot- water heating, and other 
heating purposes. 
HOW GAS INDUSTRY IS RELATED TO SMOKE NUISANCE. 
The verdict of hygiene in condemnation of coal smoke is: Of all enemies of 
national, racial, and social health I know of none which receives or ever has 
received so little attention in proportion to its importance. 10 
Smoke comes primarily from improper burning of bituminous 
coal. In most residential communities the trouble is largely from 
house chimneys. Smoke-prevention appliances — easily adapted to 
industrial plants — are not generally feasible in the home. There- 
fore smokeless fuels should be used. 
The first step in the solution of the smoke problem is to educate 
the public to use gas correctly for cooking, hot-water heating, and 
incidental house-heating purposes and eliminate all soft coal use 
for cooking and hot-water heating purposes. 
The second step is to educate the public to use coke * 11 when anthra- 
cite is not available. Coke is merely the solid residue of bituminous 
coal after the volatile matter, which produces the smoke, has been 
removed ; that is, it is a man-made anthracite. Saving this volatile 
matter in the form of by-product coke-oven gas and increasing the 
use of coke for house heating is necessary in order to eliminate the 
smoke nuisance. The proper use of gas and coke in the home will 
bring about the necessary public sentiment that must be crystallized 
in order to effectively control the industrial smoke problem. 
10 For excellent discussion of hygienic aspects of the smoke nuisance see The Eugenic 
Prospect by Dr. C. W. Saleeby. 
11 Technical Paper 242, entitled Why and How Coke Should Be Used for Domestic 
Heating, U. S. Bureau' of Mines, Washington, D. C., 17 pages of data giving operating 
details on how to use coke successfully for domestic heating. 
