24 
BULLETIN 102, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
warranted faith in the possibilities of general manufactured-gas 
long-distance transmission and distribution. 
FACTORS CONTROLLING BY-PRODUCT COKE-OVEN GAS USE. 
The true significance of cost-factor, peak-load characteristics, and 
house-heating demands must be frankly faced with an appreciation 
that the economic and not the engineering features are controlling. 
To curtail the enormous waste of gas in beehive coke oven use, as 
shown in Figure 6, and secure an increasing use of by-product coke 
ovens, it will be necessary to reckon with the following : 
a. Heating value standards for gas sold as a public-utility service 
must be lowered so as to create a market for and permit the general 
use of by-product coke-oven gas for public-utility service. 17 
b. The advantages of ammonium sulphate as a fertilizer must be 
stressed, soil conditions where it may be used studied and ascertained, 
and a market for this by-product created and maintained. 18 
c. Domestic consumers must be taught how to use coke for house- 
heating purposes. 
d. Legislation against the improper burning of bituminous coal 
and the smoke nuisance must be enacted and enforced. 19 
e. In the lumber and grain industry, what is known as u milling- 
in-transit ” 20 principle permits the shipment of raw material, then 
milling it at some favorable location en route, and reshipping the 
milled products at the original through freight rate. This “ milling- 
in-transit ” principle must be applied to the coke industry so that 
when coal is shipped the by-products may be removed while the 
coal is en route and the residue coke resliipped at the orginal through 
freight rate. This will permit the location of by-product coke 
ovens at the most advantageous locations for the immediate utiliza- 
tion of gas and other by-products for the reason that it will not be 
feasible from an economic viewpoint to transmit by-product coke- 
oven gas long distances through pipes. 
17 For further discussion see Report of the Committee Appointed to Investigate and 
Recommend the Most Economic and Satisfactory Calorific Standard for Gas in Baltimore 
with Special Reference to the Available Supply of By-product Coke Oven Gas Mixed with 
Carburetted Water Gas, Public Service Commission of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, 
July, 1922, 182 pp. 
18 Smithsonian Institution, U. S. National Museum, Bulletin 102, part 2, Fertilizers : 
An Interpretation of the Situation, in the United States, 22 pp. 
19 Smithsonian Institution, U. S. National Museum, Bulletin 102, part 1, Coal Products : 
An Object Lesson in Resource Administration, 16 pp. 
20 There are many reported cases discussing the “ milling-in-transit ” principle applied 
to lumber and grain industries in the reports of the Interstate Commerce Commission. 
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