680 
LIV. ONAGRARIEiE. 
Order LIV. ONAGRARIEA3. 
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, entirely so or produced above it ; lobes 2 to 4, 
rarely 5 or 6, valvate in the bud. Petals as many as calyx-lobes, inserted at the 
top of the calyx-tube, rarely wanting. Stamens as many or twice as many as 
petals, or fewer, inserted at the top of the calyx-tube, free (except in a Mexican 
genus) ; anthers from ovate to linear, versatile, with parallel cells opening longi- 
tudinally. Ovary inferior, more or less completely divided into as many cells as 
calyx-lobes, or rarely 1 -celled ; style filiform, or sometimes very short or scarcely 
any ; stigma entire or divided into as many lobes as cells to the ovary. Ovules 
usually numerous, in 1 or 2 rows in each cell, anatropous, rarely, in genera not 
Australian, solitary. Fruit various, in the Australian genera capsular and 
elongated, opening from the apex downwards in as many valves as cells, or 
splitting laterally between the ribs of the calyx. Seeds usually small ; testa 
membranous, coriaceous or rarely spongy. Albumen none or exceedingly thin. 
Embryo usually ovoid ; cotyledons plano-convex (except in Trapa), with a very 
short radicle. — Herbs, annual or perennial, or, in a few genera not Australian, 
shrubs or even trees. Leaves opposite or alternate, without stipules, entire 
serrate or very rarely divided. Flowers usually solitary in the axils, sometimes 
forming leafy racemes or spikes at the ends of the branches, often with 2 small 
bractooles under the calyx. 
The Order is dispersed over nearly the whole surface of the globe. Of the 4 Australian 
genera, one, Epilobium, has nearly as extensive a range as the whole Order ; two, Jussieea and 
Ludwigia, belong chiefly to the warmer regions, Ludwigia extending into temperate climates ; 
the fourth, (Enothera, is almost entirely American. — Bentli. 
Calyx-tube pruduced above the ovary. Capsule opening from the summit down- 
wards. Seeds naked. Stamens twice as many as calyx-lobes or petals . . 1. ‘(Enothera. 
Calyx-tube not produced above the ovary. 
Capsule opening from the summit downwards in 4 valves. Seeds with a tuft 
of hairs. Stamens 8. Petals 4 2. Epilobium. 
Capsule opening laterally between the ribs of the calyx or at the summit 
inside the calyx. Seeds naked. 
Stvmens twice as many as calyx-lobes or petals 3. Jussi.® a. 
Stamens of the same number as calyx-lobes or petals 4. Ludwigia. 
1. "CE NOTH ERA, Linn. 
(From uinus, wine ; and therao, to chase. The roots said to have been eaten to 
chase away the effects of wine.) 
Calyx- tube more or less produced above the ovary and dilated at the end into a 
4-lobed limb, the whole free part deciduous. Petals 4. Stamens 8, inserted at 
the summit of the calyx-tube ; anthers linear. Ovary 4-celled, with many ovules 
in each cell ; style filiform with a capitate clavate or 4-lobed stigma. Capsule 
usually opening from the summit downwards loculicidally in 4 valves separating 
from the persistent axis. Seeds without any tuft of hairs. — Herbs or rarely small 
shrubs. Lsaves alternate, or rarely the lower ones opposite, entire or variously 
toothed or lobed. Flowers axillary, solitary or very rarely in pairs, sometimes 
forming terminal racemes or spikes, rarely contracted into heads. 
A large American genus, chiefly extratropical or Andine, a very few species now naturalised 
in various parts of the Old World. 
1. Q]. biennis (biennial), Linn.; DC. Prod. iii. 46; Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 
302. A biennial, 2 or 3ft. high, the stems almost simple and more or less hairy. 
Leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, slightly toothed, hoary or downy. Flowers 
large, yellow, fragrant, sessile in a long terminal spike often leafy at the base, 
