Jussi a:a.] 
LIV. ONAGRARIEiE. 
683 
2. J. suffruticosa (shrubby), Linn. Spec. PL 555 ; Benth. FI. Austr. 
iii. 307. An erect branching perennial, attaining 2 or 3ft., the base of the 
stem often bard and woody, either softly pubescent or villous in all its parts or 
rarely almost glabrous, the stem often angular. Leaves lanceolate or almost 
linear, acute, narrowed at (the base, the larger ones 2 to 4in. long. Pedicels 
much shorter than the calyx-tube or ovary, the bracteoles reduced to small glands 
or wanting. Calyx-tube or ovary usually about Jin. long when in flower, but soon 
lengthening out ; lobes 4 or rarely 5, lanceolate, broad or narrow, 3 to 5 -nerved, 
4 to 5 lines long. Petals broad, exceeding the calyx-lobes. Capsule 1J to 2in. 
long, usually above 2 lines broad, tapering to the base, nearly terete, the ribs 
scarcely prominent. — F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 130 ; J. villosa and J. angustifolia, 
Lam. Diet. iii. 331 ; DC. Prod. iii. 55, 57 ; J. villosa, W. and Arn. Prod. 336, 
with the synonyms adduced ; J. suffruticosa and J. angustifolia, Griseb. FI. Brit. 
W. Ind. 273, with the numerous synonyms adduced. 
Hab.: Broadsound and Northumberland Islands, R. Brown; Lizard Island, M'Gillivray ; 
Burnett River, F. v. Mueller; Burdekin River, Bowman; Rockhampton, Dallachy ; Brisbane 
River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. v. Mueller. 
The species is common in most tropical countries. The nearly glabrous forms distinguished 
sometimes as J. angustifolia seem frequently to pass into the villous ones in most localities. 
In Queensland, the two forms are equally abundant in wet places. 
4. LUDWIGI A, Linn. 
(After C. G. Ludwig.) 
Calyx-tube not produced above the ovary; lobes 4, 5 or rarely 3, persistent or 
at length deciduous. Petals as many as calyx-lobes or sometimes none. Stamens 
as many as calyx-lobes. Ovary with as many cells as calyx-lobes, and numerous 
ovules in each cell ; stigma sessile or nearly so, capitate, furrowed or obscurely 
lobed. Capsule angular or terete, much longer than broad, opening either in 
terminal pores or irregularly along the sides between the ribs. Seeds small, 
numerous, without any tuft of hairs. — Annual or perennial herbs, sometimes 
somewhat woody at the base. Leaves alternate or the lower ones (in species not 
Australian) opposite. Flowers axillary, sessile or nearly so, or rarely distinctly 
pedicellate. Petals usually very small. 
The genus is dispersed over the warmer and temperate regions of the globe ; the only 
Australian species is a common Asiatic and African one. 
1. Zi. parviflora (flowers small), Pu>xb. FI. Ind. i. 419; Benth. FI. Austr. 
iii. 307. An erect or diffuse glabrous annual, rarely above lt't. high. Leaves 
alternate, lanceolate, or, in most of the Australian specimens, linear, entire, 1 to 
2 or even 3in. long, narrowed into a short petiole. Flowers very small, solitary 
in the axils, sessile or very shortly pedicellate. Calyx-tube (or ovary) at the time 
of flowering, rarely 1J line long, but very rapidly enlarging; lobes usually 4 in 
the Indian specimens, more frequently 5 in the Australian ones, small and very 
acute. Petals not exceeding the calyx-lobes. Stamens rather shorter. Stigma 
large, capitate. Capsule 4 to 6 lines long and 1J line broad when attaining its 
full size, but often ripening much smaller.— Wight, Illustr. t. 101. 
Hab.: Endeavour River, A. Cunningham; Burdekin River, Bowman; and on wet land in 
many other tropical localities. 
The species is widely spread over tropical Asia and Africa. Amongst the synonyms quoted by- 
Wight and Arnott, Prod. 336, are L. diffusa, Hamilt. in Trans. Linn. Hoc. xiv. 301, and L. 
perennix, Linn. Spec. PI. 173. These are copied by Miquel into his FI. Ind. Bat. i. part i. 620, 
and observing that one of them is an old name of Linnaeus’s, he, without further inquiry (except 
perhaps a glance at Rheede’s fig. of Caramha, Hort. Malab. ii. t. 49, cited by Linnaeus, which is 
the true L. parviflora), adopts this name of L. perennix for the species, and Miquel’s example is 
followed by F. v. Mueller, Fragm. iii. 129. But not only is Linnaeus’s name wholly inappli -able 
to a plant so constantly and evidently annual, but so is also his specific character “ t'oliis 
oppositis floribus pedicellatus,” and as to the reference to Rheede’s Caramba, he expressly 
