448 
Fishery Bulletin 107(4) 
Our results also demonstrate that it is possible for 
hatcheries to successfully employ strategies that could 
reduce overlap between wild and hatchery fry and these 
strategies could apply to other salmonid hatcheries. 
DIPAC released fry near the outer inlet; because few 
hatchery fry entered the inner inlet, this release strat- 
egy reduced the potential for interactions with freshly 
emigrated small wild fish that are potentially more vul- 
nerable. Potential negative interactions between early 
hatchery chum salmon and wild fish were also mini- 
mized by timing the release around periods of increased 
food resources and favorable temperatures for growth to 
reduce competition (Mortensen et al., 2000; Willette et 
al., 2001; Seo et al., 2006) and to minimize agonistic, 
size-related behavior (Olla et al. 1998); later releases of 
chum salmon fry may provide the best chance for the 
fish to avoid predation (Olla et al., 1998; Hawkins et 
al., 2008), and our data demonstrate that these later 
release fry will likely emigrate to sea more quickly, 
a strategy that could be useful to fishery managers 
seeking to reduce the potential for interactions between 
wild and hatchery fry during the critical life stage of 
estuarine and early marine residence. 
Acknowledgments 
This research was supported by the Alaska Department 
of Fish and Game and the Pacific Coast Salmon Restora- 
tion Fund through the Southeast Sustainable Salmon 
Fund. Otolith marks were read by D. Tersteeg, B. Mer- 
edith, and M. Wunderlich of Douglas Island Pink and 
Chum, Inc. We would like to thank S. Heinl of Alaska 
Department of Fish and Game for suggestions and back- 
ground information, and E. Fergusson for laboratory 
and database assistance. C. Farrington, B. White, L. 
Mullins, R. Vinzant, E. Venturini, J. Barton, J. Haas, T. 
Miles, and others assisted us in the field. We are grateful 
for the expert support provided by R. Dobrydnia, Master 
of the FV Teasha, Ketchikan, Alaska. We also appreciate 
the insightful, constructive comments provided by three 
anonymous reviewers who helped us to substantially 
improve the manuscript. 
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