500 
Fishery Bulletin 107(4) 
east Pacific Ocean. In Climate change and northern 
fish populations. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 
(R. J. Beamish, ed.), p. 357-372. 
Healey, M. 
1982. Timing and relative intensity of size-selective mor- 
tality of juvenile chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta during 
early sea life. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 39:952-957. 
Helle, J. 
1979. Influences of marine environment on age and size 
at maturity, growth, and abundance of chum salmon 
Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum), from Olsen Creek, Prince 
William Sound, Alaska. Ph.D. diss., 118 p. Oregon 
State Univ., Corvallis, OR. 
Helle, J., and M. Hoffman. 
1995. Size decline and older age at maturity of two chum 
salmon Oncorhynchus keta stocks in western North 
America, 1972-92. In Climate change and northern 
fish populations (R. J. Beamish, ed.), p. 245-260. Can. 
Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 121 
Helle, J., E. Martinson, D. Eggers, and O. Gritsenko. 
2008. Influence of salmon abundance and ocean condi- 
tions on body size of Pacific salmon. N. Pac. Anadr. 
Fish Comm. Bull. 4:289-298. 
Isakov, A., O. Mathisen, S. Ignell, and T. Quinn II. 
2000. Ocean growth of sockeye salmon from the Kvichak 
River, Bristol Bay based on scale analysis. N. Pac. 
Anadr. Fish Comm. Bull. 2:233-245. 
Koenings, J., and R. Burkett. 
1987. An aquatic Rubic’s cube: Restoration of the Karluk 
Lake sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ). In Sock- 
eye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) population biology 
and future management. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. 
Sci. (H. D. Smith, L. Margolis, and C.C. Wood, eds.), 
419-434. 
Koo, T. 
1962. Age designation in salmon. In Studies of Alaska 
salmon, vol. 1 (T. S. Koo, ed.), p. 37-48. Univ. Wash- 
ington Press, Seattle. 
Martin, J., and R. Gordon. 
1988. Northeast Pacific iron distribution in relation to 
primary productivity. Deep-Sea Res. 35:188-196. 
Martinson, E. 
2004. Influence of three north Pacific Ocean regime shifts 
on the early growth and survival of sockeye salmon 
from Karluk Lake, Alaska. M.S. thesis, 152 p. Univ. 
Idaho, Moscow, ID. 
Martinson, E., J. Helle, D. Scarnecchia, and H. Stokes. 
2008. Density-dependent growth of Alaska sockeye salmon 
Oncorhynchus nerka in relation to climate— oceanic 
regimes, population abundance, and body size, 1925 
to 1998. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 370:1-18. 
Martinson, E., M. Masuda, and J. Helle. 
2000. Back-calculated fish lengths, percentages of scale 
growth, and scale measurements for two scale measure- 
ment methods used in studies of salmon growth. N. 
Pac. Anadr. Fish Comm. Bull. 2:331-336. 
McFarlane, G., J. King, and R. Beamish. 
2000. Have there been recent changes in climate? Ask 
the fish. Oceanogr. 47:147-169. 
Moss, J., D. Beucham, A. Cross, K. Myers, E. Farley, J. Murphy, 
and J. Helle. 
2005. Evidence for size-selective mortality after the first 
summer of ocean growth by pink salmon. Trans. Am. 
Fish. Soc. 134:1313-1322. 
Mueter, F., R. Peterman, and B. Pyper. 
2002b. Opposite effects of ocean temperature on survival 
rates of 120 stocks of Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus 
spp.) in northern and southern areas. Can. J. Fish. 
Aquat. Sci. 59:456-463. 
Mueter, F., D. Ware, and R. Peterman. 
2002a. Spatial correlation patterns in coastal environ- 
mental variables and survival rates of salmon in the 
north-east Pacific. Fish. Oceanogr. 11:205-218. 
Myers, K., K. Aydin, R. Walker, S. Fowler, and M. Dahlberg. 
1996. Known ocean ranges of stocks of Pacific salmon and 
steelhead as shown by tagging experiments, 1956-1995. 
N. Pac. Anadr. Fish Comm. Doc. 192, 228 p. 
Parker, R. 
1971. Size selective predation among juvenile salmonid 
fishes in British Columbia inlet. J. Fish. Res. Board 
Can. 28:1503-1510. 
Pyper, B., and R. Peterman. 
1999. Relationship among body length, abundance, and 
ocean temperature for British Columbia and Alaska 
sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, 1967-1997. Can. 
J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56:1716-1720. 
Reed, R., and J. Schumacher. 
1986. Physical oceanography. In The Gulf of Alaska: 
physical environment and biological resource (D. W. 
Hood, and S. T. Zimmerman, eds.), p. 57-75. U.S. Dep. 
Commerce, Washington, D.C. 
Ricker, W. 
1975. Computation and interpretation of biological sta- 
tistics of fish populations. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can., 
p. 265-296. 
Rounsefell, G.A. 
1958. Factors causing the decline in sockeye salmon of 
Karluk River, Alaska. Fish. Bull. 130:1-58. 
Royer, J. 
1979. On the effect of precipitation and runoff on coastal 
circulation in the Gulf of Alaska. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 
9:555-563. 
Ruggerone, G., E. Farley, J. Nielsen, and P. Hagen. 
2005. Seasonal marine growth of Bristol Bay sockeye 
salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) in relation to competition 
with Asian pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) and the 1977 
ocean regime shift. Fish. Bull. 103:355-370. 
2007. Linkages between Alaskan sockeye salmon abun- 
dance, growth at sea, and climate, 1955-2002. Deep- 
Sea Res. II. 54:2776-2793. 
Ruggerone, G., M. Zimmerman, K. Myers, J. Nielsen, and 
D. Rogers. 
2003. Competition between Asian pink salmon {Oncorhyn- 
chus gorbuscha) and Alaskan sockeye salmon (O. nerka) 
in the North Pacific Ocean. Fish. Oceanogr. 12:209- 
219. 
Scarnecchia, D. 
1981. Effects of streamflow and upwelling on yield of wild 
coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in Oregon. Can. J. 
Fish. Aquat. Sci. 38:471-475. 
Schwing, F., T. Murphree, and P. Green. 
2002. The Northern Oscillation Index (NOI): a new cli- 
mate index for the Northeast Pacific. Prog. Oceanogr. 
53:115-139. 
