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and analogies that are purely physiological, and even resolves 
these physiological data into forces and laws that are purely 
mechanical, translating our very faith in evolution into the 
harmonized movements of the brain-cells of the philosopher, 
and explains the movements of the brain-cells by the 
mechanical movements of the particles of which they are 
composed. 
(4.) We notice, last of all, that the physiological meta- 
physics makes no provision for, or recognition of, the sphere 
of scientific inquiry in its full extent and completeness. There 
are certain conceptions and relations for the actual presence 
of which to the mind it can give no account ; much less can 
it explain our beliefs and reasonings in regard to them. If it 
be conceded that it is adequate to the demands of the finite 
universe of matter and spirit in that it can mirror its facts and 
relations by those processes of responsive intelligence which 
its physiological theories provide, it fails altogether to explain 
the presence of our ideas of space, time, and God, and their 
relations to finite beings. That these conceptions are often 
present to the minds of men cannot be denied. Wo do not insist 
that they believe in them as realities. All that we need to 
assume is that they can and do think of them. The physiolo- 
gical metaphysics can in some sense explain the presence to 
the mind of finite objects, and their pictures, and their gene- 
ralized notions, and, after its fashion, of their relations; but 
it cannot possibly conjure into being any nervous responses, 
any combinations or reflex actions which shall explain the 
notion of time or space as unbounded, or of God as self-existent 
and everywhere knowing and acting. Indeed, unless we 
greatly misunderstand Mr. Spencer's avowals, he limits the 
power of human ideation to the capacity to picture a certain 
extent of finite material, which must break down under its 
impotent efforts to grasp more than a limited quantum of com- 
bined and expanded objects and their relations. He very 
naturally attempts to dispose of space and time and the 
infinite by sending them to the limbo of pseudo -ideas, but he 
does not send them so far from the border-line of those 
thoughts and ideas which bask in the clear sunlight, that they 
do not now and then obtrude their dusky shadows along the 
horizon that bounds our everyday human thinking. He rightly 
judges that he has no place for these ideas in his system, for if 
all thinking is but the charging and discharging of so much 
nervous force, or the fe-location and re-location of so many 
brain-cells, then it is evident that there is no apparatus which 
can picture to man any but finite objects. The physiological 
