136 
organ * of tlie mind,” and “ brain necessary to the movements 
of the limbs.” But these parts are so mixed that an ordinary 
reader cannot easily separate them. 
That part of it which refers to “ brain necessary to the 
movements of the limbs ” has not so great a degree of interest 
for us as for the physician, and we have little to say of it by way 
of criticism. 
Some nine pages are chiefly occupied with the brain and 
nervous system as “ necessary to the movements of the limbs ”; 
and with describing the effects of lesion, or removal of the 
cerebral hemispheres, causing thereby paralysis in different 
classes of animals. 
This part of the paper tells us, that “ when the cerebral f 
hemispheres are removed in the frog, the consequences are 
,not such as to indicate any very striking alteration in the 
powers or capabilities of the animal”; though it then 
“ acts J only in direct response to some form of sensory 
stimulation.” 
“ What is true of the frog is ” said to be “ applicable to 
fishes § deprived of their cerebral hemispheres.” 
“ In the case || of pigeons the phenomena are similar.” But, 
“ when we pass to mammals, we observe effects somewhat 
different from those seen in the classes of fishes, reptiles, and 
birds.” 
“ The dangers to life,” we are told, “ from lesions, or 
complete removal of the cerebral hemispheres, increase as we 
rise in the animal scale.” “In rabbits the destruction of the 
cerebral hemispheres impairs the motor powers to a 
marked extent, and more especially in the fore-limbs.” “ In 
cats and dogs the degree of paralysis is much more 
marked.” “ In the monkey, again, the paralysis of the limbs 
from lesions of the hemispheres is still more complete.” And, 
“in man,** the annihilation of the functions so para- 
lyzes all the muscular powers that only the vegetative functions 
remain.” 
Knowledge is desirable, and to be sought after ; but it is a 
question whether the knowledge man has gained by operat- 
ing on and removing the cerebral hemisphere or hemispheres 
of the lower animals be an equivalent for the pain and torture 
suffered by the animals on which the operations were per- 
formed. 
There are other interesting facts brought out in this part of 
the paper, such as that “ the braintt is composed of two halves. 
* Page 99. 
|| Page 102. 
t Page 101. 
IT Page 103. 
X Page 102. 
** Page 104. 
§ Page 102. 
ft Page 107. 
