145 
are mental states, states of the mind, not of the brain ; the 
former belonging to the phusis, and the latter to the psuche. 
He tells us that “ it is not merely the brain which thinks, 
but the brain in connection with the whole sensory and motor 
apparatus of the organism, and, therefore, our thoughts may 
thrill to the tips of our fingers.” * It is not, however, the brain 
that thinks, but the man. There is an energy behind the 
molecular movements, working by law, and guided by intelli- 
gence.” 
While our author says, “ the brain in connection f with the 
whole sensory and motor apparatus of the organism thinks, and 
mental phenomena are the subjective aspect of the functions of . 
sensory and motor substrata, and should be reducible to cor- 
relation with the activity of certain simple motor and sensory 
elements,” others speak out more plainly on the subject. 
Yoght and Cabanis say that “ the brain secretes thought 
as the liver secretes bile.” { The liver secretes bile, as bile is 
material; but the brain does not secrete thought, as thought is 
spiritual. According to Baron d'Holbach, “ thought § is the 
agitation of the nerves, and the result of corporeal organiza- 
tion.” But the nerves are only matter, and their agitation 
cannot result in thought. Huxley says, “ thought || is as much 
a function of matter as motion is.” “ But motion and thought 
stand in very different relations to matter.” Motion and 
change of matter are one thing, but thought and change of 
matter are two very different things. 
All these writers make mind a product of brain, and ignore 
the distinction between atoms and mind. But that brain 
atoms should develop into thought is a notion which neither 
observation nor reason sanctions. Science, philosophy, and 
common sense are all against it. 
Carpenter speaks of “ the physical If change being translated 
into the psychical,” but adds, we know nothing about it. If 
he knows nothing about it, he should have said nothing about 
it, and not have affirmed an impossibility, the translation of 
matter into spirit ; for, “ between thought and the physical 
phenomena of matter there is no conceivable analogy.” ** 
A Connection. 
Brain organism and mind are two distinct and separate 
* Page 112. t Pages 111, 112. 
X Cook’s Lectures, p. 42 ; British Quarterly, vol. lxii., p. 117. 
§ Hodge, vol. i., p. 254. || British Quarterly, vol. lix., p. 114. 
•ft Principles of Mental Physiology, pp. 12, 13 ; Gorman’s Psychology, 
p. 144. ** Allman’s Sheffield Address. 
