of profit on its cultivation while I was making use of it, and 
reward the landlord accordingly. I always left it to the option 
of the landlord to let me refill the trenches and smooth down 
the farrows that had been caused by the diggings* or allow 
him a specified sum to do the needful himself; and most in- 
variably the landlords chose the latter alternative, as they 
could then pocket the money and trust to time to do the 
work needed. 
24. There has been so much written from time to time about 
the researches in Assyria, especially by Sir Henry Layard, 
who in his two works entitled u Nineveh and its Remains/' 
and “ Nineveh and Babylon," has given such an interesting 
and minute account of his magnificent discoveries, that it would 
be quite presumption on my part to attempt any addition to his 
lucid description. I must, therefore, confine myself to describ- 
ing the nature of my own work and the topography of the 
ancient Biblical cities. 
25. There were four sites of the Royal Assyrian residences 
discovered on the left side of the Tigris, in what was con- 
sidered Assyria proper, and which were, I believe, in the time 
of the preaching of the Prophet Jonah, within the metropolis 
of Nineveh, these are Koyunjik, Nebbi Younis, Nimroud, and 
Khorsabad. There are other important ruins within what I 
consider to be the radius of that “ great city," such as Yar- 
imja, Balawat, Karamlais, Bahsheecka, and Shareefkhan. Tak- 
ing the oblong distance of these different ruins, together with 
Koyunjik and Nebbi Younis on the western limit, Nimroud on 
its southern border, and Khorsabad on its northern side, 
makes the size of the old city around about sixty miles, or three 
days' journey, as it is mentioned in Holy Writ; because twenty 
miles are reckoned in that country, according to the travelling 
of a pedestrian, about a day's journey. In all these mounds 
there have been discovered Assyrian remains ; and at Balawat, 
especially, I discovered during my expedition to Assyria, in 
the beginning of the year before the last, the famous bronze 
gates and temple dedicated to the god of war by Assur-nazir- 
pal, about which I shall touch hereafter. There are, besides 
these mounds, several others scattered all over the above men- 
tioned space which must have been formerly temples, or watch- 
towers to guard the several quarters of the great town, with 
gardens and orchards enclosed. 
26. Nimroud is considered by Assyrian scholars to be the 
“ Calah" of the Bible ; but whether this be correct or not, I 
believe, at the time of the preaching of Jonah, it was com- 
prised within the southern extremity of Nineveh. In this 
