304 
are still met with who derive Jove from Yahveh, but they are 
rule-illustrating exceptions. 
From the beginning of this century Aryan linguistic science 
has gone steadily forwards. Bopp's great work, A Compa- 
rative Grammar of Sanskrit , Zend , Greek , Latin , Lithuanian , 
Slavonic, Gothic, and German, 1833-52, “ will form for ever the 
safe and solid foundation of comparative philology Y* * * § Grimuds 
vast Teutonic Grammar, 1819-37, is based on the same prin- 
ciple ; and soon numerous specialists appear, applying scientific 
methods to distinct portions of the one great subject. Thus 
the Baktrio-Iranian language - )* (Zend), including the Persian 
cuneiform inscriptions, was successfully grappled with by the 
great Eugene Burnouf, who has been followed by Spiegel, the 
late Martin Haug, Justi,J West, Hubschmann, Darruesteter, 
Hovelacque,§ Prof. De Harlez,|| and others. The names of 
Sanskrit scholars are legion ; Prof. Max Muller, Prof. Monier 
Williams, and Dr. Muir being the most prominent in this 
country, whilst abroad may be mentioned Aufrecht, Benfey, 
Bergaigne, Grasemann, Kuhn, Both, and Whitney. 
Passing on to those who have made general investigations 
into Aryan speech, I may mention especially Schleicher, 1[ who 
has attempted to restore the form of Proto-Aryan, in which 
language he has written a story.** Ficks's great work+t is 
divided into seven parts, which treat of the words of the 
mother-language (the Ursprache,"”) and of words peculiar 
to the Indo-Iranian, European, Slavo-Teutonic, and other 
linguistic unities. For the benefit of those who have not 
studied the question, I have given a few specimen-words in 
illustration of the original unity of the Aryan language,§§ 
and also a list of the primary roots of the Proto-Aryan ac- 
* Prof. Max Muller. 
t Vide The Religion of Zoroaster considered in connection with Archaic 
Monotheism. By the Writer. This Essay, hereinafter referred to as 
Zoroaster , appears in the Journal of the Transactions of the Victoria Insti- 
tute. 
+ Handbook of the Zend Language (Leipzig, 1864). 
§ Grammaire de la Langue Zende (Paris, 1878). 
|| Manuel de la Langue de LAvesta (Paris, 1878). 
*|[ Compendium der vergleichenden Grammatic cler indo-germanischen 
Sprachen (Weimar). “ Ce precieux manuel ” (Chavee) has reached a fourth 
edition. 
Mr. J. P. Postgate has made a similar attempt on a small scale 
{Academy, June 14, 1879, p. 523). Svars bhragati ani varunai , etc. ; “ the 
sun blazes in heaven” (Gk. ouranos). So Rax daivam— Rex deorum. 
ft Vergleichendes Worterbuch der indo-germanischen Sprachen , third 
edition (Gottingen, 1874-6). 
XX This unity is doubted by some scholars. §§ Appendix A. 
