324 
heaven, Tuisco — the god who lives in the clear heaven, the 
heavenly father ; and man was the son of Tuisco and Hertha, 
heaven and earth.”* 
11. The Norse Kosmogony. 
In the beginning there existed two regions, one cold and 
low, and far to the north, Niflheim, “ the mist-world” ; the 
other hot and high, and far to the south, Muspelheim, literally, 
“ home-of-the-spoiler-of-wood,” i.e., the fire world. In this 
latter region reigned Surtr, “ the dark red,” the lord of heat. 
Between them was Ginungagap, “ the yawning abyss” ; and 
when in this third region the hot blasts from the south met 
the frozen vapour from the north, the latter melted into drops 
which became a giant-man, Ymir, “ the roarer,” also called 
Anrgelmr, “ the wet-clay-mass,” chaotic matter. From the 
rime-drops was further produced a cow, named Audhumbla, 
“ the treasure of moisture,” whose milk fed Ymir, and who, by 
licking the saltf rime-stones, produced a man, Buri, f “ the 
Generator,” who had a son named Bor,§ “the Begotten”; 
and he married Bestla, “Desire,” || daughter of the giant Bolt- 
horn, “Kernel-of-the-globe”|| ; their children were Odhinn, 
Yili, and Ye, who slew Ymir, and from his body, bones, and 
blood formed earth, heaven, and sea, in kosmic order. At 
each of the four quarters they placed a dwarf-guardian and 
sky-supporter; the names of these dwarfs were Nordri, Sudri, 
Austri, and Yestri. Subsequently Odhinn, as mentioned, with 
Hoenr and Lodr, animated Askr, “Ash,” and Embla, “Alder,” || 
the first man and woman. The Kosmos ultimately contained 
nine worlds, situate for the most part directly one below the 
other ; (l)Muspelheim, in the highest part of which is Gimli,^[ 
“ Heaven,” the ultimate abode of the righteous ; (2) Asaheim, 
the world of the gods, the ethereal expanse ; (3) Yanaheim, 
the abode of the Yanir, the aerial expanse; (4) Ljosalfaheim, 
“ the world of the light elves”**; (5) Mannaheim, the world of 
man, Midgard,tt “ the central enclosure,” surrounded by the 
% The Good Neivs of God , 241. 
t Salt typifies the power of motion, and hence of heat. Of. Sk. root sal, 
“ to move,” sala, “ water ;” Gk. salos, hals ; Lat. salum , sal ; Slav, sol ; Eng. 
salt. 
X “ The forth-bringing, origin, source” (Thorpe). Cf. Sk. bhu, “to be.” 
§ The born, bairn. Cf. Lat. puer. || Bunsen. 
*[[ Or Gimil, Germ. Himmel. 
Alfr. Ang.-Sax. Aelfenne, “ The White-beings.” From the root alf, 
alb, alp. 
t+ In the Christian epic the Heljand, i.e. “ Healer,” “ Saviour.” 9th cent, 
the earth is called mittelgarten. 
