Munroe: Systematics of western Atlantic Symphurus 
15 
Pupillary operculum 
Figure 3 
Eye structures, lower jaw positions , dorsal-fin positions, and jaw struc- 
tures observed in western Atlantic Symphurus. (A) Eyes with well-devel- 
oped pupillary operculum. (B) eyes without pupillary operculum. (A-E) 
Position of lower jaw relative to nonmigrating (lower) eye: (A) mideye; (B) 
anterior margin of eye; (C) posterior margin of eye; (D) posterior margin of 
pupil; and (E) posterior to eye. (A-F) Position of dorsal-fin origin in rela- 
tion to eye: (A and C) at mideye; (B) at anterior margin of eye; (D) anterior 
to eye; and (E) posterior to eye. (A-E) Jaw structures: (A-C, E) lower jaw 
without fleshy ridge; (D) lower jaw with fleshy ridge. 
nonelongate or only partially elongate ovaries. Ma- 
ture females had fully elongate ovaries. Gravid fe- 
males were those with enlarged ovaries filled with 
large, macroscopically visible ova. 
When available, depth-of-capture information (con- 
verted and rounded to the nearest meter) was re- 
corded and summarized (Table 10) for specimens 
listed in the Appendix. If depth of capture comprised 
a range of depths over which the nets were towed, a 
mean depth for that particular trawl was calculated 
and used in analyses. Evaluations of bathymetric 
distribution were not based on random-stratified 
sampling but on information from available mate- 
rial, supplemented with depth information from the 
literature. There exists, therefore, a potential for bias 
with respect to depth-of-capture information. 
Statistical analyses (SPSS, 1975; SPSS-X, 1986) 
were conducted on the Primos computer system at 
the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. All statisti- 
cal analyses of morphometric and meristic data were 
conducted on log-transformed data. 
Synonymies appearing in accounts for S. plagusia, 
S. tessellatus, and S. civitatium (see below) are se- 
lective and abbreviated from the more detailed list 
compiled by Munroe (1991) for these species. The 
synonymy for S. plagiusa complements the compila- 
tion of detailed literature for S. plagiusa presented 
in Topp and Hoff (1972). 
Abbreviations for institutions providing study 
material, or in which type material is deposited, fol- 
low Leviton et al. (1985). Additional collections are 
as follows: CAS-SU: California Academy of Sciences, 
