Munroe: Systematics of western Atlantic Symphurus 
169 
1972. MZUSP 12377-84; 8(33.2-81.0); 34°45'S, 52°05'W; 
179 m; 15 Aug 1972. 
Counted (7 specimens, 5 lots). Southwest Atlan- 
tic: Brazil: USU 1372; (57.4); 21°31'S, 40°08'W; 298 m; 31 
May 1987. USU 1389; (60.0); 21°35'S, 40°06'W; 262 m; 10 
May 1987. USU 1086; (54.5); 23°36'S, 42°01'W; 208 m; 1 Jun 
1987. MNHN 1989-420; (57.2); 23°36’40"S, 42°01’67 ,, W; 208 
m; 1 Jun 1987. MZUSP 12336-38; paratypes 3(34.6 — 42.8); 
31°31'S, 49°52'W; 200 m; 11 Apr 1972. 
Symphurus billykrietei 103 specimens (49.6-119.0 mm SL). 
Counted and measured (70 specimens, 49.6-112.2 
mm SL). Northwest Atlantic: USNM 326637; holotype, 
(112.2); off Virginia, 36°41.4'-41.8'N, 74°40.1-39.7'W; 275 
m; 17 Sep 1975. Paratypes: Canadian Atlantic: ARC 
8703371; (80.1); 42°58'N, 60°40'W; oblique trawl between 
2,100 meters and surface (not used for depth information); 
29 Aug 1986. ARC 8705134; (91.2); 42°49'N, 63°29’W; 212 
m; 14 Oct 1985. Eastern United States: USNM 291328; 
(74.6) ; 39°59'N, 70°46'W; 292 m; 8 Mar 1976. MCZ 91580; 
(108.1); 39°32'N, 72°25'W; 292 m; 22 Sep 1987. MCZ 64849; 
6(58.7-74.6); off southern New England. USNM 291329; 
(85.0) ; 38°50'N, 72°55'W; 264 m; 20 May 1975. VIMS 5581; 
(59.8) ; 37°04'N, 74°38'W; 252 m; 12 Jun 1973. VIMS 3073; 
(105.6) ; 37°00.7'N, 74°36'W; 292 m; 12 Jun 1973. VIMS 
4891; (105.5); 37°00'N, 74°37'W; 340 m; 30 Jan 1976. 
USNM 326634; 3(63.4-94.4); 36°41’18"-43’42"N, 
74°38’48"-37’36"W; 366 m; 20 Nov 1974. VIMS 9191; 
6(54.0-103.6); 36°43'N, 74°38'W; 269 m; 16 Nov 1974. 
VIMS 5572; 6(49.6-105.5); collected with holotype. 
Nontype specimens counted and measured: Can- 
adian Atlantic: NMC 82-0332; (95.5); 43°26’N, 60°29'W; 
183 m; 20 Nov 1978. ARC 8705132; 2(88.4-108.4); 43°16'N, 
61°12'W; 174 m; 19 Nov 1978. ARC 8705136; (71.3); 
42°48’N, 63°04'W; 205 m; 8 Oct 1986. ARC 8600284; (93.6); 
42°46'N, 63°59'W; 264 m; 23 Feb 1982. Eastern United 
States: MCZ 94336; (62.6); 41°37’N, 65°51'W; 247 m; 17 
Oct 1987. MCZ 91589; 4(60.4-74.1); 40°21'N, 67°44'W; 232 
m; 7 Oct 1987. VIMS 1905; 4(51.8-93.8); 40°00’N, 69°11'W; 
231 m; 25 Oct 1970. AMNH 40834; (80.9); 39°13'N, 
72°26'W; 297 m; 26 Sep 74. USNM 327179; 2(66.1-101.0); 
39°04'N, 72°44'W; 221 m; 28 Sep 1983. VIMS 1600; 3(52.1- 
56.7); 38°25'N, 73°24'W; 247 m; 10 Aug 1969. VIMS 1601; 
(64.8) ; 38°20'N, 73°40'W; 117 m; 10 Aug 1969. VIMS 5574; 
(70.0) ; 37°04'N, 74°36'W; 238 m; 30 Jan 1976. VIMS 5564; 
2(62.8-77.1); 37°01'N, 74°37'W; 292 m; 12 Jun 1973. VIMS 
9189; (82.7); 36°43'N, 74°38'W; 260 m; 18 Nov 1974. VIMS 
5569; 2(57.8-83.3); 36°37.5'N, 74°43'W; 301 m; 9 Jun 1973. 
VIMS 3072; (68.3); 36°37.6’N, 74°41.2'W; 256 m; 8 Jun 1973. 
MCZ 76387; (50. 1);36°36.5'N, 74°41.5'W; 155 m; 15 Mar 1972. 
VIMS 3070; 2(68.4-97.1); 36°35'N, 74°42'W; 317 m; 8 Jun 
1973. VIMS 5570; 3(61.6-68.9); 36°32'N, 74°42'W; 330 m; 20 
Sep 1975. USNM 327177; 3(65.1-83.9); 36°08’N, 74°43'W; 
320 m; 2 Oct 1973. USNM 327180; (64.4); 34°46'N, 75°27'W; 
352 m; 4 Mar 1984. Straits of Florida: USNM 158310; (81.6); 
off Dry Tortugas, 24°20'N, 83°20’W; 348 m; 13 Apr 1954. 
South-central Gulf of Mexico: FMNH 88819; ( 107.0); north 
of Yucatan Peninsula, 23°51'N, 87°49'W; 183 m; 9 Dec 1963. 
Counted (8 paratypes, 3 lots). Northwest Atlantic: 
Eastern United States: MCZ 99447; 4(88.2-101.4); 
38°22'N, 73°35'W; 304 m; 10 Sep 1991. VIMS 4891; (67.8); 
37°00'N, 74°37'W; 340 m; 30 Jan 1976. VIMS 551 1; 3(86.7- 
91.3); 36°44'N, 75°38'W; 304 m; 17 Sep 1975. 
Counted (14 non-type specimens, 8 lots). North- 
west Atlantic: Canadian Atlantic: ARC 8705135; 2(95- 
97.8) ; 43°11'N, 61°23'W; 206 m; 19 Jun 1979. ARC 8705133; 
(95.0) ; 43°03’N, 61°32'W; 397 m; 13 Oct 1985. Eastern 
United States: VIMS 1900 (cleared and stained); 5(59.4- 
99.8) ; 40°02'N, 70°19'W; 222 m; 24 Jul 1969. VIMS 9190; 
(83.0) ; 36°42’48"N, 74°36’36”W; 650 m; 16 Nov 1974. VIMS 
5579; 2(68.2-76.3); 36°38'N, 74°41'W; 255 m; 8 Jun 1973. 
VIMS 5575; ( 109.8); 36°37'N, 74°42’W; 316 m; 9 Jun 1973. 
VIMS 3071; (77.8); 36°35'N, 74°42’W; 317 m; 8 Jun 1973. 
USNM 327178; (107.5); 35°57'N, 74°49'W; 245 m; 11 Mar 
1982. 
Other material examined (11 nontype specimens, 
8 lots). Northwest Atlantic: Eastern United States. 
MCZ 150775; ( 119.0); 40°38'N,72°18'W; 48 m; 19 Feb 1997. 
MCZ 135301; (55.7); 40°13’N, 68°33'W; 257 m; 4 Oct 1991. 
MCZ 150774; (52.2); 39°59’N, 69°46’W; 137 m; 20 Feb 1997. 
MCZ 91643; (62.2); 37°59'N, 73°55'W; 344 m; 9 Mar 1990. 
MCZ 91581; (72.9); 36°38'N, 74°42'W; 206 m; 10 Mar 1990. 
MCZ 135302; (60.4); 37°41'N, 74°13'W; 222 m; 8 Mar 1995. 
Uncatalogued; (70.6); specific locality information and cap- 
ture date unknown. Straits of Florida: UMML 27173 (ten- 
tatively identified as this species, see comments in the 
“Remarks” section above); 4(68.4-77.2); southeast of Dry 
Tortugas, 24°18'N, 82°33’W; 2 Feb 1968. 
Symphurus stigmosus 12 specimens ( 54.4-126.2 mm SL). 
Counted and measured: Caribbean Sea: Mexico: 
USNM 326635; holotype, (126.2); off Yucatan Peninsula, 
21°04'N, 86°19'W; 352 m; 10 Sep 1967. Paratypes: Baha- 
mas: MCZ 39205; 2(73.1-77.5); in NW Providence Chan- 
nel, 26°08’N, 79°02'W; 284 m; 3 Feb 1938. USNM 328062; 
(91.6); off east side of Andros Island, 25°29'N, 79°19'W; 
366 m; 9 Nov 1960. Mexico: off Yucatan Peninsula, USNM 
326636; (96.0); collected with holotype. UMML 35291; 
(98.8); collected with holotype. UMML 35290; (54.4); 
21°10'N, 86°21’W; 281 m; 10 Sep 1967. 
Nontype specimens counted and measured. Straits 
of Florida: UMML 35289; (59.6); Gulf Stream off Miami, 
ca. 7 mi east of Govt. Cut, ca. 25°45'N, 79°59'W; 201 m; 29 
Mar 1965. UMML 13917; (66.1); 24°32-29’N, 80°54-53'W; 
192 m; 21 Jun 1963. UMML 16314; (85.4); off Tortugas, 
24°17'N, 82°15'W; 373 m; 28 Nov 1964. Caribbean Sea: 
Dominica: MCZ 27968; (77.8); 15°16’50" N, 61°23’30" W; 
202 m; 29 Jan 1879. Nicaragua: USNM 327176; (85.7); east 
of Puerto Cabezas and off Serrana Bank, Colombia, 
14°14T2”N, 80°28’30"W; 287 m; 5 May 1964. 
Questionable identification (nontypes, not in- 
cluded in data summaries): Straits of Florida: UMML 
15642; 5(53.7-89.5); 24°40-42'N, 80°23-20’W; 258 m; 23 
Jun 1963. 
Symphurus pusillus 29 specimens (35.2-76.9 mm SL). 
Counted and measured (18 specimens, 35.2-62.7 mm 
SL). Northwest Atlantic: Eastern United States. USNM 
28730; paralectotype; (53.5); 40°07’48"N, 70°43’54"W; 123 m; 
16 Jul 1881. USNM 28778; lectotype; (54.5); 40°01'N, 
