FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
603 
Eye small, two-thirds length of snout, which equals interorbital width; interorbital space con- 
taining a pair of narrow parallel lengthwise ridges, which fork anteriorly, the branches diverging to 
either side of nostrils; posteriorly, these ridges extend along sides of occiput, where they gently 
diverge; a similar ridge extends backward above the opercles; on median line of occiput, posteriorly, 
is a low rounded tubercle marked with radiating ridges; suborbital covering much less than half 
the cheek, forming a sheath overlying upper portion of maxillary for its entire length; teeth similar 
in both jaws, long slender subequal canines widely and equally spaced, and separated by 8 or 10 
uniformly short teeth less than one-fourth their length; 12 canines along each side of the upper 
jaw; head of the vomer with a pair of short bramble-like teeth hooked backward; palatines with 
a single series, the first 2 or 3 elongate and canine-like, the others minute; roof of mouth, inside the 
palatine bands, with wide patches of small prickle-like teeth, 2 or 3 of the anterior outer ones enlarged; 
gill-rakers of the 2 series on each arch widely different; those of the outer series very long and slender, 
of the usual type, those of inner series much shorter, very slender and sharp, and fixed in an erect 
position; those of the outer series of the first arch 9 -f- 12 in number, the longest equaling the diameter 
of the orbit. 
Both pectoral and ventral fins are broken, so nothing can be given as to their length; distance from 
axil of ventrals to vent two-fifths distance from ventrals to pectorals (one-half that distance in C. 
elorigata ); origin of dorsal vertically over the second or third anal ray; adipose dorsal more anteriorly 
inserted than in C. elongata, above the seventh anal ray before the last, and midway between last 
dorsal ray and base of middle caudal ray. 
In the type of C. elongata, Gunther seemed to find traces of scale-pouches on the caudal peduncle, 
but in other specimens, Alcock (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1891, 127, and 1892, 354) denied the presence 
of scales. In our type of C. rhodadenia, we are fortunately able to settle this question. The integu- 
ment is preserved, and but little worn. Immediately behind the head, along the edge of the shoulder- 
girdle and below, 5 large scales are evident, all but one covering photophores. Another similar scale 
was detected in relation with one of the luminous glands on the tail, and others are almost certainly 
present covering other photophores. The scales are excessively thin and membranous, and are wholly 
concealed beneath the skin. They were detected by the concentric striae showing through the some- 
what hardened integument and were in 2 instances dissected out. Although the integument is in 
equally good condition over the general body surface, no further traces of scales could be detected. 
Those in connection with photophores probably would be the last to disappear in forms which were 
losing their scales. 
The photophores are arranged as follows: Subocular 1, a definite photophore like those of the 
upper lateral series, located below the anterior part of the orbit, connected with a small oblong white 
glandular patch below and behind it; mandibulars 1, on the inner face of each ramus near the 
symphysis, a definite glandular body apparently connected with a small photophore; operculars 2, one 
indistinct, behind tip of maxillary, the other accompanied by a white glandular body, on preopercle 
at level of eye; branchiostegals 9, one at base of each interradial space, except the two anterior and 
the two posterior spaces; pectoral 1, vertically above base of pectoral fin and immediately behind 
shoulder-girdle, a little nearer pectoral than line of back. Upper lateral series 12 or 13, extending from 
just behind pectoral fin to a point opposite front of anal, each organ consisting of an upper inconspicu- 
ous luminous body, and a lower conspicuous white gland, composed of white convoluted tubules, 
which communicate with the photophore proper. Lower lateral series 43, forming continuous series 
from the isthmus to the base of lower caudal lobe; 4 are in advance of pectorals, the 2 lines 
strongly converging forward, 11 between the pectoral and ventral fins, 5 between the ventrals and 
the front of anal, 19 along base of anal, 1 under middle of caudal peduncle, and 3 along lower lobe of 
caudal; the vent lies between the fourth and fifth pairs of the ventral series; the first anal pair are 
vertically over the third anal ray, in line with the ventral series, and spaced equally with them; the 
second and third pairs of the anal series diverge from anal base in an obliquely curved line having its 
convexity directed upward and forward, the third pair being a little above level of upper lateral series, 
which is discontinued before it reaches them; the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh pairs again approxi- 
mate the anal base, but the fourth and seventh are slightly above the fifth and sixth, the 4 thus form- 
ing a curved line with its convexity downward; from the eighth on, the lines are parallel and straight, 
the spaces between the spots gradually increasing posteriorly; there is no interruption between the anal 
and caudal series; the first caudal spot lies before the first rudimentary rays, the second over the 
