FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
615 
having the same inclination as snout; interorbital space and occiput concave; supraorbital ridges 
elevated; a median and a pair of lateral conical tubercles on occiput; immediately behind occiput a 
pair of small pit-like depressions; behind these 4 longitudinal and 3 cross-ridges, their intersections 
tubercular and almost spinous, the intervening spaces concave; tail abruptly constricted behind disk; 
8 caudal rings, quadrate in cross-section, the angles bearing sharp backwardly-directed spines; the last 
2 or 3 rings bearing horizontal ridges at the angles, with spines at either end; on middle of sides of tail 
are 4 small intercalated plates, each bearing a spine directed backward, the anterior pair much smaller 
than the posterior; these plates alternate with those forming the angles of the tail, and are located in 
the intervals between first and second, second and third, fourth and fifth, and fifth and sixth plates; a 
strong spine directed backward on median dorsal line at base of caudal fin; and a similar smaller one 
below; dorsal and anal fins inserted on the second, third, and fourth caudal rings, and of equal size 
and opposite. 
In life the head and body is olivaceous above, finely spotted with pearly white and mottled with 
light red; 3 indistinct double cross-bars of light red behind the pectorals, those on tail meeting below. 
Pectorals finely spotted with white; across middle of pectoral a wide dark reddish brown band, widest 
on inner rays, appearing black in spirits; near their tips, the rays are crossed with reddish brown. 
Dorsal barred with reddish chocolate and white; basal half of caudal rays spotted with reddish, distal 
half with brown, intermediate area white. 
Other specimens were yellowish olive, with irregular reticulations of bright orange-red; tail barred 
with orange-red, the under parts pearly white; minute white spots on head, body, and pectoral fins, 
the latter spotted and barred with orange-red, but the blackish brown cross-band of the type very 
inconspicuous or wanting; caudal with 3, dorsal with 2 reddish cross-bars. 
The species was taken at the following stations: Nos. 4061, off the northeast coast of Hawaii, 24 to 
83 fathoms; 4149, near Bird Island, 33 to 71 fathoms; 4164, near Bird Island, 40 to 56 fathoms. 
Family BERYCID^. 
Melamphaes unicornis, new species. Plate 77, Fig. 1. 
Type, 31 mm. long, without caudal fin, from station 4142, in the vicinity of Kauai, at a depth of 
632 to 881 fathoms; type, No. 51517, U. S. Nat. Mus. 
Length of head 41 hundredths of total length without caudal; width of head 15; interorbital width 
10; diameter of eye 6; length of snout 13; length of maxillary 19.5; distance from snout to hinder edge 
of occiput 30; to. front of dorsal 55; to front of anal 69; to base of ventrals 46; length of base of dorsal 
25; base of anal 10; length of pectorals 34; length of ventrals 19; greatest depth 30; least depth of cau- 
dal peduncle 8; length of free portion of caudal peduncle 21.5. D. ii, 12; A. i, 8; P. 14; V. i,_7; scales 
in lateral line 25. 
Head very long, comparatively narrow; interorbital space narrow, less than twice the diameter of 
the small eye; snout long, high, and compressed, its anterior profile gently decurved; mouth moder- 
ately oblique, the maxillary falling a very little short of the vertical from the hinder margin of the 
orbit; mandible closing within the premaxillaries, but the symphysis produced into a short projecting 
acute tip; teeth minute, subequal, in a single, somewhat irregular series in the mandible; in 2 distinct 
rows, separated by an interval, in the premaxillaries; cephalic crests well developed, their margins 
usually finely spinous; a conspicuous pair bound the occiput, which forms thus a deep narrow groove 
with parallel sides; the spines on these occipital crests increase in length anteriorly and become inclined 
obliquely forward; a slender horn-like spine arising from middle of snout above nostrils, and directed 
nearly vertically upward; mandibular rami broadly winged along their outer and their inner margins, 
the inner meeting below to form a crest; preorbital not produced; preopercle forming a thin membra- 
naceous structure, crossed by many transverse slender ridges, each ending in a delicate marginal spine; 
posterior border nearly vertical, the angle broadly rounded; two slender spines at lower posterior angle 
of cheek; opercle extremely thin and flexible, its margin without spines or serrations, marked by 4 
ridges diverging from a common center, the lowermost nearly vertical, parallel with preopercular 
margin; gill-rakers slender, lanceolate, somewhat expanded, leaf-like, overlapping at base, with a few 
slender denticles on inner margin, 8+15 in number on outer arch; hinder edge of occiput equidistant 
between front of dorsal and nostril; origin of anal fin under the fifth dorsal ray before the last; free por- 
tion of caudal peduncle equal to interval between base of ventrals and front of anal; ventrals inserted 
