FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
579 
derived as a whole from the west and south, and not from the east or north. In its 
entire facies, the fauna is strikingly unlike that of the Pacific coast of Mexico and 
Central America, and resembles strongly the assemblage of forms discovered by the 
Albatross and the Challenger off the coasts of Japan and the East Indies. Some of 
its members find their nearest known affines in the Bay of Bengal. In addition to 
the identical species already mentioned as occurring in Japan or the East Indies, the 
list includes species of the following genera: Promyllantor , Polyipnus , Macrorham- 
phosus , Ichthyocampus , Pegasus, Polymixia, Antigonia , Stethopristes, Cyttomimus , 
Aracana , Txnianotus, Bembradium, Idoplichthys, Bembrops, Chrionema, Pteropsa- 
ron , Champsodon, Draconetta , A teleopus, Poecilopsetta , Teeniopsetta, Samariscus , 
Anticitharus, Ghascanopsetta, and Ghaunax , all of which have close relatives in 
Japan, the South Seas, or the Bay of Bengal, but are quite unrepresented along 
the eastern shores of the Pacific. Even the more characteristically bathybial forms, 
such as the macrurids, indicate a similar relation, as is shown by the presence of 
Gadomus , Melanobranchus, Optonurus , Iiyrn enocephalus, Malacocephalus , and Tra-. 
chonurus. Among the above-named genera, Polymixia , Antigonia, Gadomus , Mel- 
anobranchus, Hymenocephalus, and Malacocephalus have close representatives in the 
eastern Atlantic as well as in the western Pacific, a fact of some interest when con- 
sidered in connection with the known distribution of many shore forms of Japan and 
the South Seas, which are unrepresented along the Pacific coast of America, but are 
present either as identical or as closely related species in the Mediterranean and 
neighboring waters. 
In this paper are included all the fishes obtained with the dredge, trawl, or tan- 
gles, and also the scopelids among those taken at the surface. Other pelagic forms 
from the surface are reserved for a subsequent paper. 
Family SCYUIORHINIDA. 
Catulus spongiceps, new species. 
Type, adult female, 50 cm. long, from station 4151, vicinity of Bird Island, depth 313 to 800 
fathoms; type, No. 51590, U. S. Nat. Mus. 
Length of head, exclusive of branchial area, 22 hundredths of total length; horizontal diameter of 
eye 3; preocular length of snout 11.5; preoral length of snout 8.5; greatest width of head 15; interocu- 
lar width 10.5; length of spiracle 1, slightly exceeding its distance from eye; least distance between 
nostrils 4.5; length of nostril 3.5; extreme width of mouth 12.5; width of attachment of pectorals 8.5; 
length of anterior pectoral margin 11.5; distance between pectorals and ventrals 11.5; base of ventrals 
10; distance between ventrals and front of anal 3.5; base of anal 15; base of dorsals?; distance between 
dorsals 10.5; length of caudal measured below, 29. 
Body compressed and deep, its greatest width about f its greatest depth; head depressed, the snout 
flat and rather broad; snout very soft and spongy, everywhere porous, the most conspicuous pores 
arranged in a pair of narrowly lanceolate patches on lower side of snout, each patch containing 2 series 
of pores in its posterior portion and 3 anteriorly; length of the patch equal to internarial width; nasal 
valves widely separated, the anterior and posterior terminating in thickened rounded lobes, and 
bearing no cirrus; spiracles behind eye and a little below its longitudinal axis; front of upper jaw 
well in advance of eye, its angle slightly in advance of vertical from hinder margin of orbit; a thick 
fold at angle of mouth continued on lower jaw half the distance to symphysis, and along upper jaw 
three-fourths as far; teeth typically with 5 cusps, but sometimes with either 4 or 3; lateral cusps 
better developed in the lower jaw than in the upper, and stronger on the sides than in the middle of 
each jaw; 18 oblique rows in each side of upper jaw. 
