FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
621 
Family ANTIGONIIDvE. 
Antig-onia steindaclmeri Jordan & Evermann. 
One specimen 63 mm. long to base of caudal, was dredged at station 3958, vicinity of Laysan 
Island, depth 173 to 182 fathoms. 
For comparison with A. eos of equal size, we add the following data: 
Length of head 37 hundredths of total length without caudal; diameter of orbit 15.5; interorbital 
width 12; length of snout 10; maxillary 9; distance from orbit to angle of preopercle 22; greatest 
depth 126; least depth of caudal peduncle 16.5; length of third dorsal spine 35; first anal spine 14.5; 
ventral spine 27.5; length of pectoral 37. D. vm; 38; A. hi, 35; P. 14. Between the nape and the 
anterior portion of lateral line are 14 series of scales running parallel with predorsal profile. 
Compared with adults, the young are proportionally deeper, and have the spination of bones of 
head much less developed, the spines projecting but little beyond the margins of the bones; the scales 
are very rough, and the exposed portions are much higher than long, as in adults; but the spines are 
almost wholly confined to the margins of the scales, those arising from the central field, which give 
such a densely hispid appearance to the adult, being undeveloped, or present in small number; on 
sides of nape, immediately behind head, is a conspicuous band of larger scales, which scarcely overlap, 
and are embedded and concealed except for the projecting spinous margin; behind this band, the 
scales are reduced in size and densely crowded; scales on cheeks are also embedded and concealed, 
each being represented externally by a straight, vertical, spinous ridge; except for a wedge-shaped area 
in middle of frontal region, bounded laterally by ridges, the top of head, including sides of occiput 
and the preorbital, is scaleless. 
Antigonia eos, new species. Plate 80, fig. 1. 
Type, 83 mm. in total length (67 mm. to base of caudal), from station 4102, Pailolo Channel, 
depth 122 to 132 fathoms; type, No. 51593, U. S. Nat. Mus. 
length of head 37 hundredths of total length to base of caudal; diameter of orbit 16; interorbital 
width (at middle of frontal region) 12.5; length of snout 12.5; length of maxillary 9; distance from 
orbit to angle of preopercle 16; greatest depth 98; least depth of caudal peduncle 14; length of third 
dorsal spine (the tip injured) 45; first anal spine 14.5; ventral spine 27; length of pectoral 32. D. ix, 
33; A. m, 31; P. 13; V. i, 5. 
Somewhat deeper and more angular than A. rubescens Schlegel, from Japan, and much less so than 
A. steindachneri of equal size. The young are much deeper than adults, more sharply angular, and with 
high filamentous spinous dorsal fin. In a specimen 25 mm. long to base of caudal the depth is 128 
hundredths of this length, the height of the third dorsal spine 100. A. rubescens changes compar- 
atively little with age. In A. eos the base of soft portion of anal fin is nearly straight, much less 
curved than in A. rubescens and A. steindachneri, not more arched than base of dorsal. 
Serrated edges in frontal region only moderately developed, the spaces between ridges completely 
scaled, thus partially concealing them; margin of preorbital with a few short strong spines; vertical 
limb of preopercle marked with curved serrated ridges, but the margin only minutely serrate; lower 
margin furnished with a few short, strong teeth; a strong spine marks the articulation of mandible, 
this spine absent or very inconspicuous in A. rubescens. 
Head more extensively scaled than in A. steindachneri, the scales covering entire frontal region, 
preorbital, and snout, except the oblong area for reception of premaxillary spines; occiput largely 
naked; both limbs of preopercle densely scaled; scales on cheeks imbricated, numerous spinules 
springing from the central field as well as from the margin; scales on body with exposed surfaces 
much longer in proportion to their height than in A. steindachneri; those on posterior part of body 
with spines much longer and denser than those on anterior parts, the anterior scales having the mar- 
ginal spinules much shorter and less conspicuous than those which arise from the central field; scales 
completely investing anterior aspects of the ventral, the first anal, and the third dorsal spines, these 
spines much less grooved than in A. steindachneri. 
Even in adults the spinous dorsal is much more elevated than in related species, both third and 
fourth spines greatly elongate, slender, and delicate; the tips are broken in all of our specimens; the 
caudal fin is gently rounded. 
