FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 631 
behind orbit; teeth very fine, in narrow bands on mandible and vomer, in a broad band in premaxillaries; 
palatines toothless; no slit or pore behind fourth arch; gill-rakers scarcely movable, spinous, few in 
number. 
Dorsal spines compressed, the third much produced beyond the others, the first spine about 
equaling the eleventh, the second equaling the seventh; third, fourth, and fifth spines all higher than 
the soft rays; membrane from last dorsal ray joining almost entire length of caudal peduncle. Second 
and third anal spines about equal, the third appearing longer, the three spines seemingly graduated; 
ventrals reaching half-way between vent and front of anal; pectorals to opposite middle of anal base; 
upper pectoral ray simple, second to seventh rays forked at tip, the remaining rays simple, thickened, 
a little exserted, the ninth ray longest; pectoral not at all procurrent below, the base of the lowest ray 
vertically under or a little behind the uppermost ray. 
Scales all cycloid, small, somewhat irregularly arranged, completely investing the body; head and 
fins wholly naked. 
Color in life very brilliant. Head, body, and fins bright vermilion, upper parts of head and body 
darkened with olive tint, and with small scattered purplish spots, which are also found on upper half 
of pectoral fin; head, lower parts of body, and fins mottled with yellowish white; flaps and tentacles 
narrowly edged with bright lemon-yellow; a large blackish blotch below eye, one on opercle and one 
at base of pectoral; a conspicuous broad, yellowish white bar on each side of compressed part of rostrum; 
three groups of brownish spots along base of dorsal fins; conspicuous white spots on back of tail and 
at base of eighth and ninth dorsal spines; a larger blotch below the latter just above lateral line. 
Only the type known. 
Helicolenus rufescens, new species. Fig. 246. 
Type, 105 mm. long, from station 4133, vicinity of Kauai, depth 41 to 165 fathoms; type, No. 
51628, U. S. Nat. Mus. 
Head 48 hundredths of total length to base of caudal; diameter of orbit 16; width of middle of 
interorbital space 5; length of snout 14; length of maxillary 24; depth of body 37; least depth caudax 
