632 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
peduncle 10; longest (third) dorsal spine 21; eleventh dorsal spine 9; twelfth dorsal spine 13; longest 
dorsal ray 17; first anal spine 7; second anal spine 22; third anal spine 15; longest pectoral ray 31; 
longest ventral ray 25. D. xii, 9; last ray divided to base; A. in, 5; P. 18. Pores of lateral line 25 or 
26; vertical rows of scales above lateral line about 52. 
Eye very large, oval, longer than snout; interorbital space very narrow, less than diameter of 
pupil, deeply concave; occiput gently concave, without pit or any special depression; occipital and 
supraorbital spines forming a single series, all the spines lying in a straight line, or the tympanic 
spine very slightly displaced to the side; spines all low but strong; preocular spine separated by a 
wide interval from 3 closely approximated over posterior part of eye, these followed by occipital and 
nuchal spines; occipital ridge short; two strong suprascapular spines, and 2 or 3 spines in front of 
these immediately behind orbit, one of the latter terminating a well-defined ridge; infraorbital ridge 
well-defined, bearing 3 low spines, in direct line with the uppermost and strongest preopercular spine, 
which bears a smaller one at its base; below this 4 small preopercular spines directed backward, the 
second shorter than the third; margin of preorbital hearing 2 strong spines directed downward and 
backward; nasal spines small. Short narrow flaps, usually fringed near tips, occur as follows: one 
on anterior nasal tube, and one each on preocular, supraocular, and parietal spines, the preorbital 
Fig. 216 . — Helicolenus rufescens Gilbert, new species. Type. 
spines and the lower 2 preopercular spines; a few simple flaps present along lateral line. Cheeks, 
opercles, and occiput covered with ctenoid scales, a few present also on interorbital space; snout, 
mouth-parts, and lower side of head scaleless; maxillary reaching a vertical from posterior margin of 
pupil; teeth in finely villiform bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; branchiostegals 7, the inner 
extremely delicate, concealed in membrane; pseudobranch ite large; gill-rakers very short, spinous, 
only 7 or 8 movable on horizontal limb of anterior arch; a very narrow slit behind fourth gill-arch. 
Dorsal spines low and strong, the fin deeply notched between eleventh and twelfth spines; second 
anal spine longer and stronger than third or any of the dorsal spines; caudal truncate; ventrals reach- 
ing vent, which is separated from front of anal by a distance equaling one-third length of ventral fins; 
lower 12 pectoral rays simple, thickened, free at tip, some ,of them produced beyond the upper 
branched rays; uppermost 3 or 4 rays likewise simple. 
Scales thin, rather weakly ctenoid, those on belly and breast smooth; tubes of lateral line with a 
membranous roof. 
In .ife, blotched with bright vermilion and pearly white, the white most conspicuous on fins 
and in axil of pectorals; some dusky brownish specks and mottlings scattered on body, and on dorsal, 
caudal, and pectoral fins, Dining membranes of mouth, gill-cavity, and body cavity white. 
