FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
645 
Chrionema, new genus. 
Most closely allied to Bembrops, from which it differs only in the absence of a fleshy flap on the 
maxillary. From Pteropsaron it differs in the ctenoid scales, the low lateral line, and the absence of 
the pair of strong spines pointing forward at tip of snout. The scales of the lateral line are unmodified, 
while in Pteropsaron each scale of the lateral line has its free margin produced into from 1 to 3 acute 
lobes. 
Chrionema Gilbert, new genus of Pteropsaridx {clvry seres ) . 
Chrionema chryseres, new species. Plate 85. 
Type, a female, 206 mm. long, from station 3813, off south coast Oahu Island, depth 264 to 183 
fathoms; type, No. 51655, U. S. Nat. Mus. 
Head 36 hundredths of total length (caudal excluded) ; snout 11; eye 10; maxillary (from tip of 
upper jaw) 15; interorbital width 1.5; greatest depth of body 15; least depth of caudal peduncle 5.5. 
D. vi-16; A. 24; P. 22, 23; V. i, 5. Scales in lateral line 76 on one side, 72 on the other; 12 scales in a 
vertical series between lateral line and front of soft dorsal. 
Snout depressed and spatulate, but its median longitudinal profile not concave; interorbital space 
narrow, the margins slightly raised; mandible projecting, mandibular band of teeth fitting wholly out- 
side premaxillary band anteriorly ; maxillary nearly horizontal, extending beyond anterior third of eye, 
without barbel or fleshy flap at tip; teeth villiform, in bands in jaws, and on vomer and palatines; pre- 
maxillary band becoming very wide anteriorly, its teeth, especially those in posterior part of band, longer, 
curved, and readily depressible; posterior teeth of mandibular band, and some on vomer and palatines 
likewise longer, curved, and depressible, the 2 halves of the vomerine band in connection across median 
line, forming the usual V-shaped figure; palatine bands continued farther forward than usual, so that 
their anterior ends overlap and lie along outer sides of posterior third of each lateral half of vomerine 
band; anterior nostril a rounded pore with slightly raised margin, the posterior a horizontal slit; dis- 
tance separating nostrils about equal to that between posterior nostril and front of eye; gill-membranes 
separate, not joined to isthmus; anterior end of gill-slit in advance of tip of maxillary; gills 4; posterior 
series of filaments on fourth arch about half length of others; a wide slit behind fourth gill-arch; gill- 
rakers slender, toothed, one-tenth diameter of eye, 14 on horizontal limb of outer arch; pseudobranchise 
large; branchiostegals 7; a short strong spine at angle of preopercle, with 1 or 2 obscure spinous points 
above and below it; opercle ending in 2 sharp spines, the upper of which is much the longer; subopercle 
ending in a similar spine, which ends at about the same vertical as the upper opercular spine; no other 
spines or serrations on head; opercular membrane greatly produced beyond the spines, forming a 
scaly flap which extends beyond base of pectorals; 2 short strong “humeral” spines just above origin 
of lateral line; anterior scales of lateral line not spinous, as in Bembrops platyrhynchus. 
Origin of spinous dorsal just behind head, its distance from tip of snout 38 hundredths of total 
length without caudal; spines very slender and flexible, the second the longest, 12 hundredths of the 
length, the third and subsequent spines regularly shortened; distance from base of last dorsal spine to 
first soft ray slightly more than half diameter of eye, but the membrane joining last spine to back 
extending for half this distance; there are thus but 2 free scales between the fins; first ray of soft 
dorsal the longest (14 hundredths), the others rapidly shortened, only the first ray simple, the last ray 
forked to the base; anal fin beginning in advance of soft dorsal and terminating behind its end, all the 
rays simple, except the last, which is forked to the base; caudal fin gently rounded; longest pectoral 
rays (17 hundredths) below middle of fin, those above, and especially those below the longest rapidly 
shortened; ventrals inserted far in advance of pectorals, vertically below preopercular angle, the third 
ray the longest (15 hundredths); upper 2 pectoral rays and sometimes the lowermost rays simple, 
the others and all the ventral rays forked. 
Scales small, closely adherent, rough-ctenoid, except those on breast, which are smooth; they 
completely invest body, cheeks and opercles, occiput, interorbital region, and a narrow median area 
on basal third of snout; the remainder of snout, the mouth parts, and the whole under side of head 
naked; 8 series of scales are crossed by a line from preopercular angle to below middle of orbit; scales 
extending well on bases of pectoral and caudal fins; lateral line beginning above opercular flap, strongly 
declined from its origin until it approaches anterior part of anal fin, from the base of which it is sepa- 
rated by only 5 or 6 scales; it then runs parallel with the anal base, and regains axial line only at base 
