652 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
slightly swollen on each side median line, the surface finely rugose; preopercular spine long, very 
slender, and straight, ending in a long tapering point directed backward; upper edge of spine furnished 
with 8 small saw-like teeth, directed toward base of spine, the anterior teeth smallest; lower edge of 
spine smooth; a strong hooked spine at base, on outer surface; preopercular spine extending to 
opercular edge, and equal in length to diameter of eye. 
In males, the first dorsal spine is very long and filamentous, reaching to or beyond middle of soft 
dorsal. In the type, it extends to base of the seventh dorsal ray; other spines are regularly shortened; 
tip of last dorsal ray reaching slightly beyond base of upper caudal rays; anal fin beginning and ending 
slightly behind first and last dorsal rays; tip of last anal ray in the same vertical with tip of last dorsal 
ray; membrane of inner ventral ray joining anterior face of pectoral base at beginning of its upper 
fourth; longest pectoral ray reaching slightly beyond vertical of the second anal ray, the inner ventral 
ray falling a little short of this vertical; median caudal rays extraordinarily produced in adult males, 
a little exceeding length of head and trunk; the single lateral line runs out on caudal fin for a distance 
equaling twice diameter of eye, accompanying the fourth fully developed ray of upper caudal lobe. 
Color in spirits, brownish, grayish brown, or grayish pink on dorsal region, white below; back with 
4 or 5 rather indistinct darker cross-bars, and 5 small dark spots on middle of sides; a faint dark streak 
below eye, and one downward from base of preopercular spines; upper half of body marked also with 
numerous round gray spots of varying size, each spot surrounded by a blackish line; dorsal black at 
base and ’tip, the filamentous ray whitish; soft dorsal and caudal cross-banded; anal fin black, with 
broad white tips to the rays in adult males; upper face of ventrals dusky, paired fins otherwise 
unmarked; under surface of head most characteristically ornamented in adult males; a broad jet-black 
bar occupying median line of throat, broadening slightly on front of breast, where it terminates; from 
this bar there diverge on either side about 8 narrow jet-black streaks, which pursue a nearly parallel 
curved course over gill-membranes and over membrane joining inner ventral ray to pectoral base; 
each black streak is divided lengthwise by a narrow silvery line and margined above and below by 
wider silvery lines, the interspaces otherwise grayish silvery. Females and young males have throat 
unmarked, the first dorsal spine not produced, and the caudal shorter. Pectoral rays usually 20 in 
number but varying from 19 to 21. Dorsal and anal rays invariably as given for the type. 
Specimens were taken at the following stations: Nos. 3847, off the south coast of Molokai, 23 to 24 
fathoms; 3861, Pailolo Channel, 30 to 52 fathoms; 4032, Penguin Bank, south of Oahu, 27 to 29 fathoms., 
A fine female specimen of this species has been subsequently presented by Mr. Max Schlemmer, 
who secured it at Laysan Island. 
Family HARPAGIFERID7E. 
Draconetta hawaiiensis, new species. Plate 91. 
Type, 53 mm. long, from station 4102, channel between Molokai and Maui, depth 122 to 132 
fathoms; type, No. 51633, U. S. Nat. Mus. 
Very near Draconetta zenica Jordan and Fowler, from Japan (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXV, 1903, 
939), differing in the smaller eye, the straight opercular spine, the longer stronger subopercular 
spine, the longer dorsal spines, and the longer ventral fins. In fin-form ulse, general proportions and 
color, there is close correspondence between the 2 species. 
Head (measured to end of subopercular spine) 33 hundredths of total length, without caudal; 
depthof body 14; eye 11; maxillary 9. D. in, 12; A. 12; P. 21. 
Snout short and sharp, triangular, premaxillaries projecting on middle line for more than § length 
of snout; premaxillaries very protractile, their spines reaching almost to middle of interorbital space; 
cleft of mouth horizontal, narrow, at lower side of snout, the mandible everywhere included; maxillary 
reaching a vertical midway between front of orbit and front of pupil; teeth all villiform, in moderate 
bands in the jaws only; interorbital space very narrow, about ( the pupil, with a shallow groove in' its 
anterior half only; opercle greatly reduced in size, forming a strong spine directed upward and back- 
ward; it is either straight or very little curved near its tip, and is directed toward base of upper pectoral 
rays. In D. xervica, it is shorter and more arched, directed toward a point in advance of first dorsal spine. 
Subopercle also developed as a long strong spine; opercular and subopercular spines diverging, the 
interspace filled by a soft membrane, which forms the middle portion of gill-flap; subopercular spine 
