FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
659 
where free from it; outer set of gill-rakers of first arch numerous, long, and slender, 5 or 6 above angle, 
27 below, the longest 0.6 horizontal diameter of orbit; pseudobran chia; absent; a well developed slit 
behind last gill, the latter bearing 2 sets of gill- filaments; scapular foramen wholly within the hyper- 
coracoid; branchiostegals 7. 
Origin of first dorsal fin slightly in advance of base of pectoral; first ray very short, concealed in 
the membrane, the second slender and smooth, produced into a long unarticulated filament, the length 
of the spine contained 1.9 times in total length; succeeding rays all deeply forked, except the last, which 
is apparently simple; interval between first and second dorsals not exceeding twice the space between 
2 succeeding rays of either fin; origin of second dorsal over middle of abdomen, its rays high, I length 
of head; tip of tail truncate, having been injured and then again surrounded by the fin; anal much 
lower than dorsal, the longest rays, in posterior part of fin, about 0.4 the longest dorsal rays; vent 
immediately in advance of anal fin; outer ventral and upper pectoral rays greatly elongate and fila- 
mentous, finely articulated throughout, with a minutely beaded appearance; ventral filament con- 
tained 3.2 in total length, pectoral filament 2.6; insertion of ventrals slightly posterior to base of 
pectorals. 
Scales very caducous, and mostly fallen. They seem to have been absent on terminal portion of 
snout, and on suborbital region, but were otherwise present on top and sides of head, and on entire 
body; a single series of unimbricated oval scales extends the length of mandible; scales have been 
studied from the lateral line and adjacent areas, from the base of the dorsal fin, the region about pec- 
toral fin, breast and belly, and the mandible; all are alike cycloid and spineless, marked with extremely 
numerous delicate concentric striae; under a high power, each of the striae is seen to be composed of a 
series of minute granules, which render the scale slightly rough; lateral line runs along middle of side, 
furnished with conspicuous pores; no lateral line along back. 
Color in spirits very light brown, the margins of scale pouches black; belly, breast, gill-membranes 
and gular membranes, lips, and efitire lining of mouth and gill-cavity jet-black or blue-black; base and 
axil of pectoral, and entire prepectoral area jet-black; mandible black in its symphyseal third, the 
remainder of its length, together with the opercles and the suborbital translucent, thus permitting the 
black lining to be externally visible; snout light, blackish at tip and about nostrils; fins jet-black, only 
the filamentous rays light; peritoneum jet-black; much black pigment also in the walls of stomach 
and intestines; pyloric caeca colorless. 
The type only was obtained. The species is apparently closely related to G. longifilis Goode and 
Bean, G. dispar Vaillant, and G. multifilis Gunther. It differs from all of them in certain minor details 
of measurements and fin counts, and in the black coloration of the fins. With our present knowledge 
of the distribution of bathybial fishes, it seems unwise to identify at long range, at least without direct 
comparison of adequate material. Alcock’s “ Bathygadus longifilis” from the Arabian Sea is probably 
distinct from Atlantic or Mediterranean species. 
A young specimen, 113 mm. long, from station 4007, vicinity of Kauai, 508 to 557 fathoms, differs 
in the following respects: Interorbital width greater, equaling length of snout, a little longer than 
longitudinal diameter of eye; ventrals with 8 rays, pectorals 22 or 23, and dorsal 12; first dorsal, pec- 
toral, and ventral rays elongate, but injured, so their length could not be determined; barbel slightly 
more than half length of head; fins light in color. This may represent a species distinct from G. 
melanopterus, distinguished by the wider interorbital, the more numerous pectoral rays, and the light 
fins. It is impossible to make any satisfactory comparison with G. multifilis Gunther, described from 
a single specimen 5 inches long, taken in the vicinity of the Philippines, but multifilis is said to have 8 
dorsal and 15 pectoral rays. 
Gadomus bowersi, new species. Fig. 257. 
Type,- 465 mm. long, from station 4151, vicinity of Bird Island, 313 to 800 fathoms; type, No. 
51658, U. S. Nat. Mus. 
Head 5.3 in total length; depth 6.3. D. ix, 8; Y 9; P 17. Gill-rakers 5+21; branchiostegal rays 7; 
pyloric caeca long, 18 in number. 
Head very wide and deep, with greatly developed mucous canals, and delicate bones and mem- 
branes; top of head flat, sid.es nearly vertical; interorbital width equal to distance from tip of snout 
to middle of orbit, contained 2.6 times in length of head; longitudinal diameter of eye contained 1.8 
times in interorbital width, 1.6 in snout, length of snout 3.4 in length of head; mouth terminal, 
