FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
£81 
First dorsal ray inserted on middle of snout, slightly to right of ridge, bordered by a wide con- 
spicuous membranous flap, the distal portion of which, on blind side, is intensely black, bordered 
narrowly with white; dorsal rays increasing regularly in length with wide free tips to the twelfth, 
those from the twelfth to the eighteenth greatly produced and filamentous, all but a narrow basal por- 
tion free from membrane; first 4 anal rays similarly produced and filamentous, the first much shorter 
than the others; a jet-black spot margined with white on membrane of first 3 anal rays; caudal fin 
lanceolate; no free caudal peduncle; right pectoral fin § left; ventral fins symmetrical, opposite and 
of equal length, a very strong concealed spine between them. 
Scales very minute, those on left side firm, closely imbricated, strongly ciliated; those on right 
side more loosely imbricated, with entire edges; rays of dorsal and alnal fins on the left side, and the 
left ventral rays each accompanied by a row of ctenoid scales; caudal rays with 2 such series; filamen- 
tous rays scaled on basal portions only; pectoral fins and right ventral scaleless; snout and mouth 
parts naked; anterior arch of lateral .line rather low and flat-topped. 
Color light olive-brown, finely mottled and specked with darker brown; a series of brown rings 
along dorsal and ventral outlines, with other smaller rings scattered between these and lateral line; 
two pairs of rings along straight portion of lateral line with their margins frequently produced across 
the line, the posterior pair more conspicuous than the anterior; an elongate dark spot near base. of 
caudal; in males a dark streak in front of lower margin of upper eye; blind side faintly mottled with 
dusky, posteriorly. 
Females differ from males in having the orbital region somewhat less spinous, in the larger eye, and 
in the shorter filamentous rays of dorsal and anal. In females the tenth to thirteenth or fourteenth 
dorsal rays and the first to third or fourth anal rays are produced; in males the tenth or twelfth to 
