FISHES OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
697 
sensory papillae in the groove below them; a similar double series of spinous plates accompanies lateral 
line on infero-lateral aspect of tail, these, as well as those along lateral margins of disk bearing clusters 
of filaments as well as spines; lower surface of disk wholly smooth, save for a band of small spines and 
minute prickles which bound lateral line below; lower surface of tail, as far forward as vent, every- 
where minutely prickly; the paired flaps which conceal the sensory papillae are borne upon horizontal 
projections from the accompanying plates; flaps not narrowed at base, and bearing a fringe of short 
filaments along their free edge; the arrangement of the mandibular series of flaps agrees with that in 
Dibranchus; in addition to the papillae which occupy the bottom of the mandibular groove, there are 
3 accessory papillae on each side the median line, which are placed upon the anterior margin of the 
groove, with their paired flaps arranged 'laterally, not transversely to the groove as in other papillae; 
accessory papillae placed contiguous respectively to first, fourth, and fifth of regular series. 
Distance from origin of dorsal to base of caudal equals one-third its distance from tip of snout; 
when declined, the dorsal fin reaches slightly more than half its distance to caudal base; base of 
second anal ray midway between vent and caudal base; tips of anal rays reaching to or nearly to base 
of caudal when the fin is declined; ventrals reach a little more than halfway to margin of disk. 
Color in life, light olive above, shading to pinkish brown around edges of disk, all the upper parts 
covered with coarsely reticulating reddish brown lines; under surface light brick-red, finely dotted 
with pearly white; a series of elongate silvery spots follows line of papillae on mandible and sides of 
disk, those on disk larger, the filaments straw-color; caudal edged below and behind with orange-red, 
the fin otherwise white, marked with 3 indefinite yellow cross-bands which are dusky in their dorsal 
portions; pectorals, ventrals, and anal light brick-red, the pectorals lighter than the others. In the 
smallest of the cotypes, 44 mm. long, the caudal and pectorals have a broad terminal black bar with a 
narrow white edge, and the dorsal has a median dark blotch on its anterior rays. No note was made 
of the color of the dorsal in life; in spirits, it is nearly uniform dusky, with a light margin. 
Specimens were taken at the following stations: Nos. 3810, off the south coast of Oahu, 53 to 211 
fathoms; 3846, off the south coast of Molokai, 60 to 64 fathoms; 3855, off the south coast of Molokai, 
127 to 130 fathoms; 3856, Pailolo Channel, 127 to 127 fathoms; 3858, Pailolo Channel, 128 to 138 
fathoms; 4064, off the northeast coast of Hawaii, 63 to 107 fathoms; 4076, off the north coast of Maui, 
57 to 68 fathoms. 
Dibranchus erythrinus, new species. Fig. 275. 
Type, 172 mm. long, from station 3985, vicinity of Kauai, depth 430 to 477 fathoms; type, No. 
51642, U. S. Nat. Mus. 
Length of disk 60 hundredths of total length without caudal; greatest width 62; width of base of 
caudal peduncle 17; distance from anal opening to base of caudal 41; diameter of eye 12; least inter- 
orbital width 11; width of tentacular cavity 7.5; width of mouth 30; greatest depth of head 26; base 
of dorsal 9; length of caudal 21; longest pectoral ray 22; length of ventrals 17. D. 6; A. 4; P. 15; 
Y. i, 5. 
Cephalic disk broadly ovate, the greatest width exceeding distance from tip of snout to gill-open- 
ing by a distance equaling half diameter of orbit; occipital and frontal regions elevated, evenly convex; 
profile descending rapidly over anterior half of orbits; rostral region short, cubical, scarcely project- 
ing beyond mouth; tentacular cavity triangular, much wider than high; the broadly expanded tip of 
the tentacle trilobate; mouth very wide, the distance between angles slightly more than half length of 
head; teeth minute, in broad bands which nearly reach angle of mouth in both jaws; vomer, palate, 
and tongue edentulous; anterior gill -arch with large rakers but without filaments. 
Bathybiai characteristics well shown in the yielding skeleton and thinner integuments of head; 
dorsal surface of head, trunk, and tail everywhere thickly beset with tubercles, of which a large and 
a very small size predominate; all of them are strongly ridged, each ridge frequently terminating at 
summit in a distinct spinelet, 1 or 2 of which may considerably exceed others in length. The larger 
tubercles are evenly distributed and without definite arrangement on disk, those on trunk and tail 
disposed in 4 lengthwise series on each side, the 2 lower series forming between them a groove for the 
lateral line; the smaller tubercles are minute and cover densely the interspaces between the larger; 
margin of disk, snout, and superior orbital rim provided with similar tubercles with bifid, trifid or 
multifid tips; no especially developed spine on tip or on upper surface of snout; spines on margin of 
disk equal to those on sides of tail, and but little larger than those on posterior central portion of disk; 
subopercular spine small, beset with smaller spines turned in various directions; lower surface of disk 
