COMMERCIAL FISHERIES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
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made early in the morning - , and a number of canoes usually go out together, many of 
the occupants being women, as no particular skill is required on the part of the 
general hands. The work is directed by the kilo, or spy, who is generally in a light 
canoe manned by two or three hands. He stands up on the cross-ties of his canoe, 
and shading his eyes with his hand, watches for signs of the school. As soon as he 
discerns a strong ripple, which appears to indicate the presence of the school, he 
signals to the rest of the canoes, which at once surround it. The kilo points out the 
best place for dropping the net, and as soon as it is in place the canoes approach 
quickly, the men splashing the water with their hands and poles, and driving the 
school before them into the open bag. The malolo will not dive to any depth, and 
are always found swimming very near the surface, so that, when completely sur- 
rounded b}^ the canoes, they can be driven wherever wanted. This fishing is called 
lawaia-o-kaiuli, “blue-sea fishing,” by the natives, as they frequently have to go 
several miles out to sea after the fish. A favorite spot is off Waikiki beach on Oahu. 
The malolo is frequently pounded up fine by the natives and eaten raw, mixed with 
other substances. 
The iheihe (a species of halfbeak, Euleptorhamphus ), a long, thin fish, usually a 
foot and a half in length, with a very sharp-pointed snout, generally arrives at the 
islands about the same time as the malolo and the akule, and is sometimes captured 
in a similar net and in the manner already described. 
The largest bag net in use is the upena kolo, and owing to its size it can be used at 
only a few places around the islands, Honolulu harbor being the principal one. The 
bag is fine meshed, so that small fishes can not escape, and is 16 to 21 fathoms in 
depth, Very narrow at the extreme end, but widening into an immense flaring mouth. 
Attached to the mouth on each side are wings 16 to 20 fathoms deep. This net is 
swept around the harbor by natives in canoes, who pull the net with ropes, scooping 
up everything in its path, the principal species taken being the hahalalu, the young 
of the akule, and the amaama, or mullet. 
Upena poo is a small bag net, with a light supple pole cut from the pohuehue 
{Ipommi pes-caprati) vine for the mouth. This pole forms three-fourths of a cii’cle 
when not in use. When in operation the fisherman draws the two ends together, 
crosses them, and holds them tight in his hand. A small stick, with pieces of rag 
or lau hala leaves attached to the end, is also a part of his equipment. The canoe 
is paddled immediately over a rocky bottom where holes are numerous, then the 
fisherman takes the bag in his left hand and the small stick in his right, and dives. 
He pushes the bag close up to one of the holes and with the stick brushes the fish 
into it. He then allows the two ends of the pole to slide down in his hand until 
they lie parallel, and this nearly closes the mouth of the bag, after which he ascends 
to the surface and empties the bag into his boat. 
Another style of net is arranged upon two sticks parallel to each other, about 
6 inches apart, the bag being about 2i feet in depth and width. One stick is supple, 
while the other is rigid. The fisherman pushes the pliable stick along the other until 
its end is about the middle of the latter, and holds it thus bowed out and making an 
opening for the fish. When he wants to close it he merely lets the stick slide back 
until it is even with the other, when he holds both tight. 
