COMMERCIAL FISHERIES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
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now gather closely on the lau, especially where it joins the net, and make a great disturbance with 
their feet, which drives all the fish into the net. Lau and net are finally drawn ashore. 
Lau kapalili (trembling leaves) fishing can only be carried on on a clear, bright, sunny day, so 
that the shadows cast by the leaves can be seen and serve to drive the fish inland. 
DIP AND SCOOP NETS. 
It is frequently difficult to distinguish between a dip net and a bag net, as certain 
forms of each are very similar in construction and methods of operation. In some 
cases an arbitary line has been drawn. 
In fishing for maikoiko (surgeon-fish), a dip net about 6 feet deep and I feet in 
diameter is used. A bag of bait tied to the end of a stick is pushed into the water 
near the holes in which the fish live, and when they are lured out by the scent of 
the bait the dip net is carefully slipped under both bait and fishes and then raised 
slowly until it reaches the surface, when it is lifted or drawn ashore. 
Another method is to chew up bread fruit and taro and spit these upon the sur- 
face of the water. As this slowly sinks below the surface the fish are attracted in 
large numbers and fall easy victims when the dip net is slipped below them and then 
quickly raised to the surface. 
A common form of dip or scoop net, which is generally used in removing fish 
from seines and bag nets, is made by bending a flexible piece of wood into an oval 
shape and tying the ends together at the junction. To this is attached the net, which 
has a bag about 2 feet deep, much narrower at the bottom than at the top. When 
not in use the lower end of the bag is left open, but when used it is gathered together 
and tied with a piece of twine. 
On Kauai a dip net with a bag about 2 feet deep, attached to an iron ring 2 feet 
in diameter, is used in catching papai (crabs). This net is attached to a long pole by 
means of four ropes running from the ring to a common center about 2 feet above 
the ring, and thence by a single rope. The bait is either tied to a rope attached to 
and hanging down a short distance below the junction of the four ropes, or else 
weighted down in the bottom of the net. April, May, and June are the principal 
months for this style of fishing. It is usually done at night. Somewhat similar dip 
nets are occasionally employed in fishing for ula (crawtish). 
On the Waiawa River, near Pearl City, Oahu, the Chinese use a form of dip net 
which was probably introduced by themselves, as it does not appear elsewhere on 
the islands. The river is narrow, about 10 feet in width. Four poles are planted, 
two on the edge of the bank, and the other two about two-thirds of the distance 
across the river, thus-forming a square. All of these poles are slanted outward, so 
much so that the tips of the outer ones extend almost to the opposite bank, and a 
large, square, fine-meshed net is attached to them by ropes. On the shore is a wind- 
lass connected with the net by a rope, and used in raising and lowering it. Bait is 
thrown into the net, which is then lowered into the water until it almost touches the 
bottom, where it is allowed to remain until a number of fish have congregated over 
it eating the bait. It then is raised above the surface and the fish removed. 
A scoop net is made by tjung a square fine-meshed net to two slender sticks, 
laid parallel to each other and about 5 feet apart. One side of the net is then 
gathered together until the ends of the sticks on that side are within about a foot of 
