COMMERCIAL FISHERIES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
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glass. The water glasses now in use could be much improved if the box were made 
wide enough to allow the entrance of the whole head instead of merely the face, it 
being easier to see when the sunlight is completely cut off from the glass. A water 
glass similar to that used in the sponge fisheries of Florida would be very effective — 
an ordinary bucket with the bottom removed and a pane of glass substituted. 
In fishing for honu (turtle) a flat stone is used, with two hooks lashed to the upper 
part and running out in opposite directions. This is attached to a long line. Hee 
also are occasionally caught with this style of apparatus. 
In fishing for papai (crabs) the younger natives frequently use short lines with 
a small wooden buoy at the top and a piece of bait (meat, fish head, or any other 
dead bait) at the end. These are set in shallow water close to the shore, and are 
frequently lifted by children, who wade out to them and grasp with their hands the 
crabs clinging to the bait before they become frightened and let go. 
SHARK-CATCHING. 
The shark has always occupied a unique position in not only the religious but in 
the daily life of the native. This, however, is treated elsewhere in this report, and 
only the methods of fishing for sharks will be considered here. 
The natives distinguish five species of sharks frequenting Hawaiian waters. 
The mano kihikihi (hammer-headed shark) and the lalakea (white-fin) are considered 
edible. The hammer-headed shark is the one most frequently seen in the markets. 
The others are the mano kanaka (man shark), the shark god of the ancient Hawaii- 
ans; the mano, a large white shark, and the niuhi, the largest and fiercest of all. 
The last two are but rarely seen in Hawaiian waters. The niuhi is said to be seen 
a long way off at night by the bright greenish light of its eyeballs. It is much feared 
by the natives. 
The mano kihikihi and the smaller lalakeas are generally taken with other fishes 
in gill nets, seines, or bag nets. The larger lalakea and the other species are taken 
