BRACHYURA AND MACRURA OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
923 
Family PAUEMONIDyE. 
Bithynis grandimanus (Randall). 
(PI. xxii, fig. 5.) 
Palemon grandimanus Randall, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1839 (1840), 142. 
Palemon gracilimanus Randall, op. cit. , p. 143. 
Palsemon grandimanus Dana, Crust. U. S. Expl. Exped., I, 588, 1852; pi. xxxvm, fig. 12a-b, 1855; 
Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., V, 1891, 736 and 740. Lenz, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., XIV, 1901, 
436, pi. xxxii, figs. 4 and 5. 
Palsemon acutirostris Dana, op. cit., p. 590, 1852; pi. xxxix, fig. la, a', b, 1855. Streets, Bull. U. S. 
Nat. Mus., No. 7, 1877, 119. 
Bithynis grandimanus Bate, Challenger Macrura, 793, pi. cxxix, figs. 2 and 3, 1888. 
Notes on the type specimens. — Hawaiian Islands, type locality (Randall). Two male specimens 
collected by Messrs. Nuttall and Townsend are preserved in the Museum of the Philadelphia Academy 
of Natural Sciences. They are 67 and 63 mm. in length. Both claws of the smaller specimen are 
extant, but only the smaller claw of the larger specimen; in both, the rostral teeth number - f. Ros- 
trum a little less than two-thirds the length of rest of carapace, not reaching end of acicle; dorsal crest 
convex, extending backward one-third the length of the carapace. Body stout; antennal tooth strong; 
hepatic tooth (or one behind antennal) very small in comparison; antero-lateral angle rounded, 
unarmed? Telson with two pairs of dorsal spinules; a spiniform median tip, outside of which are two 
pairs of movable spines, the inner pair long and stout and extending half their length beyond the 
median spine; the outer pair small and reaching only half as far as median spine; underneath the 
latter is a bunch of long bristles which reach as far as the longest spines. 
Acicle oblong, truncate, outer spine not exceeding blade. Merus of first pair of feet reaching just 
to end of antennal peduncle; carpus, when extended, to end of acicle; chela slightly more than twice 
length of carpus. 
The larger claw is 80 mm. long, the smaller one on same individual 43 mm. long. Carpus of 
larger claw a little longer than merus, increasing in diameter to the distal end; manus one and a half 
times as long as carpus, compressed; greatest width a little more than one-third length, upper margin 
convex, forming a single curve to the end of the dactylus; this last slender, nearly as long as palm, 
strongly curved down, prehensile teeth irregular, the largest at the middle, three somewhat smaller 
near the base; pollex broken off near its base. Carpus of smaller claw has same shape and same 
length in relation to its merus as in the larger claw; palm a little over two-thirds as long as the carpus, 
compressed but not dilated, only a little more than twice as long as wide. Dactylus two and a third 
times as long as palm; both fingers slender and curved so that their concave surfaces are presented to 
each other, tips crossing; fingers furnished along their prehensile edges with long bristles. Both claws 
rough with spinules and hairy . 
Remaining appendages a good deal broken, but the feet of fourth pair reaching to distal fourth of 
acicle. 
The types of P. gracilimanus Randall (op. cit., p. 143), from the Hawaiian Islands, were not to be 
found in the museum of the Philadelphia Academy June 17, 1904, although noted by Sharp in 1893. 
I think it is probable that'this species is synonymous with P. grandimanus, and represents a variation. 
Distribution. — Taken by the Fish Commission in 1901 at Waianae, Oahu; Opae Oehaa; Hilo; 
Honolulu; run at Mauna Loa; Heeia; Kaneoke Cove, Heeia; in 1902 at Hanalei River at Hanalei, 
Kauai; Hauapepe River, Kauai; Huleia River, Nawiliwili, Liliue district, Kauai; Waimea River, 
Kauai; Honolulu market. 
Oahu, Dr. T. H. Streets, U. S. Navy; Hilo, Hawaii, H. W. Henshaw; W aiakla River, near Hilo, 
H. W. Henshaw. 
Hawaiian Islands (Dana, Streets). Honolulu (Bate); a few specimens taken by the Challenger 
are in the U. S. National Museum. Kalihi, Oahu (Lenz). 
Very young specimens have the rostrum concave above, the tip slender and inclined upward; with 
age the rostral crest becomes more convex for its posterior two-thirds and toward the tip may be 
horizontal or even inclined downward. 
