968 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
Distribution. — Coast of Norway, Shetland Isles, west and southwest coast of Ireland, 20-100 
fathoms (Sars, Norman, Walker, Holt & Beaumont). Bay of Biscay, 35-60 fathoms (Norman), 400 
meters (Caullery). Mediterranean: Messina (Norman), Toulon, 445 meters, Naples, 500 meters and 
more (Bianco) ;' south of Cape of Good Hope, 98-150 fathoms (G. O. Sars). 
According to previous records, this species would seem to be bipolar, but the present localities 
in the region of the Hawaiian Islands completely overthrow this assumption, hinted at by G. O. 
Sars. This form is also found in the tropical belt, and there in about the same depth as in the 
European waters and at the Cape. The extremes recorded for our specimens are 23 and 290 
fathoms. We are to expect that this species will be discovered elsewhere in the circum tropical 
regions as well as in other parts of the seas, and very likely it will finally prove to be cosmopolitan 
at the proper depth. 
Genus GNATHOPHATTSIA Willeraoes-Sulim. 
10. Gnathophausia gigas Willemoes-Suhm. 
Gnathophausia gigas, G. O. Sars, Rep. Voy. Challenger, 13, 33, pi. 3, 1885. 
Our specimen differs from the description given by Sars in the following points: The infero- 
posterior spines of the carapace are a little longer; the posterior dorsal spine is well developed, ! 
resembling in size and shape that of G. calcarata-, the branchiostegal spine is much stronger than 
in Sars’ specimen, and decidedly longer than either the antennal or the supraocular spines. The 
outer edge of the antennal scale has 4 teeth, of which the posterior is very small. The rostrum 
(which was broken in Sars’ specimen) is very long — longer than indicated in Sars’ figure; the part 
in front of the supraocular spines is exactly as long as the carapace between supraocular spines i 
and base of the posterior dorsal spine. The color of our specimen is preserved and is a delicate '] 
crimson. 
The differences in development of the postero-dorsal, infero-posterior, and branchiostegal spines - 
are not so important, in my opinion, as to indicate that this form differs specifically from G. gigas. 1 
I rather believe that the differences are due to age, since among other material at hand (see G. | 
longispina ) just the parts named exhibit corresponding variations in specimens of different age. 
Our specimen is 50 mm. long, while that of Sars was 142 mm. 
Among a collection of schizopods from Alaska which have been sent by the U. S. National 
Museum to the writer for identification, and which will be described elsewhere, there has been ; 
found a specimen of this species closely corresponding to the Hawaiian specimen. It is slightly 
larger than the latter (55 mm.), but the branchiostegal spine is even more developed, and the 
supraorbital spines are distinctly larger than the antennal spines. The outer margin of the 
antennal scale has 5 distinct teeth in this individual. 
Station 4144, 850-767 fathoms, vicinity of Kauai Island, 1 male young. 
Distribution. — Captured by the Challenger at station 69, west of the Azores, in 2,200 fathoms. Sars 
thinks that the “recently molted skin of the outer part of the tail of another specimen” brought up 
by the Challenger from 1,950 fathoms in the Antarctic Ocean, between Kerguelen and Australia 
(station 157), also belongs here; but I see no possibility of identifying this species from so meager 
remains, and it would be better to strike off this latter locality from the records until it is confirmed. 
The present locality at the Hawaiian Islands extends enormously the range of this species, and 
suggests the cosmopolitan character of its distribution. As has been mentioned above, it is also 
present amongst material from Alaska. 
11. Gnathophausia calcarata G. O. Sars. 
Gnathophausia calcarata G. O. Sars, Rep. Voy. Challenger, 13, 35 pi., 4, 1885. 
The measurements of our specimens are as follows: Station 4109, total length, 37 mm., of which 
15 mm. belong to the rostrum (in front of the supraocular spines); station 4142, total length, 43 mm., 
of which 14 mm. belong to the rostrum. The measurements given by Sars for his two specimens are 
68 and 98, respectively. Our specimens, consequently, are young, and they agree best with the 
smaller individual described by Sars, the carapace of which is figured on Sars’s plate 4, figure 3. 
The postero-dorsal, the infero-posterior, and the branchiostegal spines are very strongly developed, 
even stronger than in the figure quoted, and they are a little more divergent, while antennal and 
