998 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
and I suspect with a good series of specimens for comparison nearly every littoral 
Hawaiian species would show small but constant differences. 
The shore and shallow-water species of starfishes are all tropical forms, and those 
which are not. peculiar to the group are derived from at least two distinct regions. 
We have first a group of species comprising very wide ranging forms, some of them 
extending from the Red Sea to China and Japan, and thence to Australia. In this 
group of ten species all but three occur in the Indian Ocean, and five range into the 
Red Sea. All extend at least to the eastern archipelago. Most of these forms are 
characteristic “South Sea” types. The other group comprises but five species and 
is derived from the coast of Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. 
The following tables detail these forms. 
Species common to the Hawaiian Islands and to the Eastern Archipelago, Indian Ocean, Japan, Polynesia 
or Australia. 
Species. 
Locality. 
Astropecten polyacanthus. . . 
Astropcct.cn velitaris 
Red Sea, Mauritius, Ceylon, Andaman Island, Port Jackson, Australia, New Zealand, China, 
Japan, Admiralty and Fiji Islands. 
China Sea, Amboina, Northwest Australia, Admiralty Islands. 
Eastern Archipelago, Pelew Island, Port Darwin, Port Essington, Cape Grenville, Port Deni- 
son, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa a, and Tonga islands, Nicobar Islands, Andaman Islands, 
Mergui. 
Red Sea, Mauritius, Madagascar, Ceylon, Eastern Archipelago, Fiji Islands, New Guinea, 
Amboina. 
Amboina. 
Mauritius, Madagascar, Isle de Bourbon, Christmas Island, New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga 
islands. 
Red Sea, Mozambique, Mauritius, Ceylon, Larentuka, Celebes, Amboina, New Caledonia, 
Fiji, and Samoa. 
Red Sea, Mauritius, Bourbon, Samoa and Fiji islands. 
Red Sea, Mauritius, Ceylon, Eastern Archipelago, New Caledonia, Fiji Islands, Panama (?). 
Mauritius. 
Archaster typicus 
Goniodiscides sebse 
Culcita arenosa & 
Linckia diplax 
Linckia multi fora b 
Nardoa segyptiaca b 
Gymnasteria cariniferab 
Valy aster striatus 
a Collected in Samoa in 1902 by D. S. Jordan and V. L. Kellogg. 
b Specimens from the Hawaiian Islands not seen by the writer. 
Species common to the Hawaiian Islands and to the west coast of America a . 
Species. 
Locality. 
Luidia brevispina 
Mazatlan, Mexico. 
West coast of Mexico, Central America, south to Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands. 
Panama (?). 
Lower California to Panama. 
Lower California, Mexico, to Galapagos Islands. 
Nidorellia armata 
Gymnasteria carinifera 
Mithrodia bradleyi 
Heliaster.multiradiata 
Turning now to the species which are, so far as known, peculiar to the Hawaiian 
group, both shallow and deep water forms, we find that a number have related 
species in Japanese and Chinese waters, or in the Eastern Archipelago, as detailed 
in the following table: 
a Only in the case of Mithrodia brcidleyi have these species been directly verified. The Panama record of Gymnasteria 
is very doubtful. Ives records Archaster typicus from Mulege Bay, Lower California (Proc. Phil. Acad. Sci., 1889, p. 175). 
I have doubts concerning the correctness of the label. 
