THE STARFISHES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
1027 
mediate size, stand in a group in the center of each plate (which is more arched than usual). They 
seem to form an incipient pedicellarian apparatus. There is a trace of them on a small specimen, but 
they are evidently absent from 12 others. 
Inferomarginal plates encroach more upon actinal area than do the superomarginals upon the 
abactinal. They are wider than long, and the outer ends, which extend beyond superomarginals, 
form each a conspicuous boss armed with a group of short spinules. The plates are tumid along 
transverse axis, the summit of the elevation being along aboral margin and terminating in the outer 
armed end. Lateral spinules are slightly flattened, sharp, arranged in 3 close-set, irregular, oblique 
series on extreme margin of ray, and give a serrated appearance to the margin of arm, each tuft 
accentuating the tumidity of the abactinal end 
of its plate. They appear to be simply enlarged 
members of the numerous sharp squamules 
covering the general surface of the plate. 
There are deep fasciolar grooves between the 
plates of both series. 
Adambulacral plates are longer than wide, 
with a convex margin to furrow, which they 
overhang. Armature as follows: (1) A furrow 
series of 7 (sometimes 8) long, stout, much 
flattened, subacute or blunt, knife-like spines, 
their bases stout and united by a short web. 
Their rounded edges are turned furrow-wards, 
and in respect to the thickness of the blade 
they taper slightly toward extremity. The 
blades are broad. Central spines slightly the 
longer; the outermost spine, at either end of 
the comb-like series, about two-thirds to three- 
fourths as long as the succeeding spine. (2) 
Following the furrow series, and placed so 
closely that they are pressed usually against it, 
is an irregular semicircular row of from 3 to 5 
unequal tapering spinules, the longest never 
extending more than two-thirds the length of 
the adjacent furrow spine. The outer half of 
the plate bears about 12 to 18 small tapering 
spinelets similar to those of the actinal inter- 
mediate plates. They are arranged either in 2 
or 3 irregular longitudinal rows or are scattered. 
Mouth plates are rather large, prominent 
actinally. Armature consists of 9 or 10 large, 
flattened, blade-like, blunt or truncate spines 
very much larger than the corresponding 
adambulacral spines. They form a graduated 
series, increasing in size toward the inner end 
of plate, where they are massive and prominent, the marginal series of 2 companion plates uniting to 
form, when expanded, a fan-shaped horizontal comb of about 20 teeth. Actinal surface of plate is 
covered with stout papilliform spinules, very similar on the outer end of plate to those of adjacent 
ventral intermediate plates. They increase in length toward the inner angle, where there are 2 or 3 
spinules considerably larger than the rest. 
Actinal interradial areas are large, paved with rather large plates which extend in regular series 
from inferomarginals to adambulacrals. In a specimen with 39 inferomarginals the intermediate 
plates extend as a single series as far as the twenty-eighth, or within 15 mm. of the tip (R = 84 mm.). 
A second series, smaller than that adjacent to the adambulacrals, extends to the fourteenth inferomar- 
Dipsacaster nesiotes. View of ccelomic side of abactinal surface 
of one arm, showing arrangement of gonads, x 2; ir, inter- 
radial line. 
