THE STARFISHES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
1035 
genus. Each pedicellaria, perched on the knob-like tip of its ossicle, is surrounded by a circle of 5-10 
papilliform spinelets of unequal lengths, the longest often reaching nearly to tip of pedicellaria. The 
latter has a rather broad base, with bluntly tipped jaws, which are about 1 $ to 2 times as long as the 
extreme width of base. These jaws are often slightly twisted at tips, like the opening bud of a flower, 
which indeed the pedicellaria somewhat resembles, the similarity being increased by the calyx-like 
circlet of spinelets already mentioned. The outermost pedicellaria of this group is always largest, 
being usually, exclusive of its pedicel-like base, 1.5 to 2 mm. long. 
Mouth plates long and narrow. The 2 inner angle spines are long, flat, round-tipped or subtrun- 
cate, much stouter than any others of the plate, and directed toward center of actinostome. The true 
furrow-series is continued toward the end of first ambulacral plate, in about 3 groups, each of 2 papil- 
liform spinelets. One of these spinelets, adjacent to the tooth, is enlarged, flattened, about half as 
long as tooth. Extending along margin of actinal surface of plate is an irregular series of long spines, 
tapering and slender, and often slightly flattened at tip. They decrease in size toward outer end of 
plate, where there is also a marginal fringe of spinelets, extending inward along side of groove adja- 
cent to first adambulacral. The superficial series might be regarded as 2 irregular series on the outer 
part of plate. Actinostome large. 
Actinal interradial areas practically absent, the adambulacrals of adjacent rays with their large 
pedicellarise touching each other. 
Madreporic body entirely hidden by paxillse. 
Color in alcohol, yellowish brown, mottled with darker; in life probably similar to the foregoing 
species. 
Locality: Type (no. 21154, U. S. National Museum) from station 3849, south coast of Molokai 
Island, 73 to 43 fathoms, coarse sand, broken shells, coral; 1 specimen. 
This very distinct species is related to Luidia maculata and Luidia aspera, as well as to the fore- 
going species. From the last 2 it differs particularly in the character of the adambulacral armature 
and in the presence of 3 longitudinal series of actinal intermediate ossicles, and probably also from 
maculata in these respects. I have been obliged to rely upon the original description of maculata 
(System der Asteriden, p. 77) , which is none too satisfactory, and upon the critical remarks of Perrier 
(Revision des Stellerides, p. 338). So far as I am aware, no one has figured maculata, the type of 
which came from Japan. Neither Muller and Troschel nor Perrier mention abactinal spines or the 
pedicellarise of the inferomarginal plates, so I am forced to conclude that these are not present on 
maculata. Nor is it clear from the original description whether the large actinal pedicellarise follow 
the adambulacral spines or are among them. Perrier says they follow the spines, while Muller and 
Troschel state that they are among or between [zwischen] them. While magnifica differs from aspera 
in the same respects as from hystrix, it may not be amiss to detail some of the differences which sepa- 
rate it sharply from maculata. 
Luidia maculata. 
No enlarge.- spinules on abactinal paxillse. 
Adambulacral armature consisting of one furrow and 3 or 
4 actinal spines. 
Pedicellarise slender, 3-4 times as long as broad. 
A single series of actinal intermediate ossicles. 
Inferomarginal spines 2-3, the innermost longest. 
No pedicellarise on inferomarginal plates. 
Luidia magnifica. 
Four to 6 lateral series of abactinal paxillse with enlarged 
spinules. 
Adambulacral armature of 1 furrow and 2 actinal spines. 
Pedicellarise II to 2 times as long as broad, 3 in number, 
in a definite series external to adambulacral spines. 
Two to 4 series of actinal intermediate ossicles, each ossicle 
bearing a pedicellaria. 
Inferomarginal spines about 5, the outermost longest; the 
inner 2 with flattened chisel-shaped tips. 
Three or sometimes 2 or 4 pedicellarise on inferomarginal 
plates between the large lateral spines. 
The inferomarginal plates of this form are relatively rather small. The actinal intermediate 
ossicles are aberrant also. The interval between successive segments of the ray is comparatively very 
large, and filled with muscle. This fact, combined with the arrangement of actinal plates, gives a 
great degree of flexibility. Professor Verrill, to whom I sent a portion of an arm for inspection, 
writes that he believes this species can swim rapidly, using its large ambulacral feet as paddles, as he 
has seen Luidia clathrata do. The tube feet are very large. 
