THE STARFISHES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
1047 
spaced and are larger than those of the triangular interradial areas. Paxillse of median radial series 
largest, thence decreasing in size toward tip of ray and sides of body. In the radial areas where paxillse 
are spaced, the papulae (lto a pore) occur in sixes about each plate, emerging between the internal con- 
necting ossicles. Over a triangular interradial area, however, the papulae are wanting and the paxillae 
are closely crowded. Similarly on outer third of arm the plates lose their special tabulate character, the 
papulae disappear, and the plates become subhexagonal, closely united, and covered with a coordinate 
granulation identical with that of adjacent marginal plates. Median radial series extends to terminal 
plates. As already pointed out, the plates of radial papular area are well spaced, are round, and con- 
nected by very regular slender radiating ossicles, there being 6 ossicles radiating from each plate, and 
each ossicle common to 2 plates. The ossicles terminate abruptly at border of the triangular interra- 
dial area, being coextensive with the paxillae. The tabulum of each plate is roundish, or in the 
median radial series elongated transversely. It is crowned by a central group of 4 to 6 small, thimble- 
shaped granules (in radial series) surrounded by about 15 to 17 longer pinched granules on the 
periphery. Paxillae at sides of radial areas have only about 3 granules in the central group, and 12 to 
15 in the peripheral series; while on the interradial areas they are still smaller. There is considerable 
variation in the number of granules, there being in some specimens a greater number than above 
indicated. A few small 2-jawed upright pedicellarise, each jaw about the size of a granule, are scat- 
tered over the paxillse of disk. They may occur either in the center of tabulum or on the edge. 
These pedicellarise are very simple in construction, being but slightly modified granules. Each jaw 
curves toward its companion, the opposing faces being flat. Anal opening distinct, surrounded by 
about a dozen granules. 
Superomarginal plates, 23 in number from median interradial line to extremity of ray, are broader 
than high in the interbrachial arc, and about as broad as high on the rays, forming a well-rounded 
margin to the abactinal area. They are not massive or tumid, nor do they encroach conspicuously 
upon the paxillar area. On ray they are nearly quadrate, but shorten considerably in the interbrachial 
arc, and are covered with small, uniform, roundish granules, low thimble-shaped in general form, a 
peripheral series of slightly longer ones being in evidence. In the center of a few plates of the inter- 
brachial arc is a small pedicellaria, similar to those of the abactinal paxillse. 
Inferomarginal plates correspond in number with superomarginals, but are not opposite to them, 
being nearly alternate on the rays. Like the superomarginals they form a rounded margin, and are 
covered with a similar granulation. As a rule there are no pedicellarise on the inferomarginals. 
Adambulacral plates are subquadrate with a nearly straight margin to furrow. Armature as 
follows: (1) A furrow series of 7 untapered, truncate, subequal spines, strongly compressed and rather 
delicate, which form a regular comb, their tips conforming to a slightly curved line, and their bases 
united by a delicate web. (2) On the actinal surface, well spaced from- the furrow series, a longitudi- 
nal, regular, slightly curved series of 5 to 6 stout, subprismatic (3-or 4-sided) bluntly pointed spinelets 
about two-thirds the length of those of furrow series and rather more robust, but like them decreasing 
in length toward tip of ray. Well spaced from the first actinal series, near outer margin of plate, is a 
longitudinal row of 5 or 6 long, flat-topped or pointed quadrate granules, larger than those of adjacent 
actinal intermediate plates, between which and the adambulacral granules a bare furrow is present. 
Near the adoral edge of plate, between the first and second actinal series, a subprismatic spinule or 
granule may be present which is a constituent of the second series out of line. A tapering spinelet is 
sometimes similarly present between the furrow and first actinal series. 
Mouth plates have a long furrow margin, the companion plates forming a regular angle over- 1 * 
hanging mouth and nearly closing the actinostome. Armature as follows: (1) A furrow series of 11 
flattened spines, similar to those of the adambulacral plates, which increase in size toward inner angle, 
the inner 3 being conspicuously larger and broader than the others, and round-tipped, or subtruncate. 
(2) On the actinal surface a superficial row of spinelets extending along the median suture margin, 
decreasing in length to mere granules on outer end of plate. The inner members of this series are 
chisel-shaped. A series of 3 or 4 spinelets runs parallel with the furrow series, and, turning abruptly, 
is continued along margin adjacent to the first adambulacral in about 4 graduated, prismatic granules. 
Space between superficial (suture) series of companion plates is conspicuous, elliptical. 
Actinal intermediate areas are large, paved with irregularly quadrate or roundish plates which 
bear subacute or round-tipped prismatic or thimble-shaped granules in a central group and a regular 
peripheral series, the former being a trifle smaller than the latter. These granules have a pinched 
