THE STARFISHES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
1055 
or 5 are grouped about each plate, any papula being common to 3 or 4 plates. Secondary plates, of 
somewhat smaller but not uniform size, are scattered without order among the other plates, being 
most numerous on interradial areas, and on disk; not so common on rays. Each of the larger 
(primary) plates bears 1 to 4 (usually 2 or 3) subglobose low granules in the center, surrounded by a 
peripheral series of 7 to 10 similar, but usually somewhat larger ones. The smaller plates bear 
usually 3 to 6 granules, according to their size. The granules appear as if immersed in a very thin 
membrane, which, however, does not extend from plate to plate. Over a narrow interradial area 
(the radial papular areas being wide) the plates are often quite irregular. They are usually roundish 
to subquadrate. Many of them bear on the margin a small, upright, two-jawed spoon-shaped 
pedicellaria about the size of the granules. The jaws are often curved like bull-dog forceps. They are 
less common on the basal portion of the radial areas. 
Adambulacral plates have a straight furrow margin, and are nearly as wide as long, the outer 
margin being often irregularly angular. Armature as follows: (1) A furrow series of 6 (5 on first few 
plates) short, stout, blunt, nearly untapered, cylindrical to faintly 4-sided, and not very uniform 
spinelets. The adoral spinelet is slightly the heaviest. The 6 are subequal in length or slightly 
graduated toward the aboral end of series. Occasionally the central 4 are a trifle weaker than the 
laterals, which may also be rarely a trifle shorter. (2) On the actinal surface 2 longitudinal series of 
granules immersed in a delicate membrane, which makes them appear shorter, in the undried state, 
than they actually are. The first series is well spaced from furrow spinelets, and consists of 3 or 4 
subconical granules in a fairly straight series. On outer third of ray one of these enlarges into an 
upright, thick, cylindrical, tapering, sharp spinule, increasing in size toward extremity of ray. The 
granules of the outermost series are a trifle smaller, 5 or 6 in number, and follow the border of plates. 
When the latter is angular, an intermediate granule is often present between the 2 series. On the 
outer, spiniferous plates there are usually 3 rows of granules, irregular. 
Mouth plates are large, with truncate outer ends, and a long furrow margin. The combined pair 
are prominent actinally, with a broad median suture. Furrow margin very nearly equals length of 
median suture. Armature as follows: (1) 10 short, stout, spinelets, 3- or 4-sided, blunt, shorter than 
adambulacral furrow spinelets, and not uniform as to form and length. Innermost spinelet is abruptly 
enlarged into a tooth; sometimes flattened, or slightly tapering, stout. (2) On actinal surface are 
numerous granules similar to those of adambulacral plates, a rather definite series being present along 
the margin of median suture, the innermost member of which is abruptly enlarged into a stout taper- 
ing prismatic spinelet. A row parallel with the, furrow series, well spaced from it, is continued along 
the margin adjacent to first adambulacral, to meet the superficial series at its outer end. On the 
triangular area thus enclosed are 2 or 3 granules. All are invested by a very thin membrane which is 
hardly noticeable. 
Actinal interradial areas are large, paved with large, irregular, quadrate to hexagonal plates, which 
decrease in size toward the margin. These plates extend two-thirds the length of the ray or to seventh 
inferomarginal. The plates adjacent to adambulacrals are largest and most regular. All are cov- 
ered with low subglobular granules, a peripheral series being apparent by their more regular arrange- 
ment and slightly smaller size. 
Madreporic body is large, subcircular, and is situated a trifle more than one-third the distance 
from the center to margin. Furrows or striations are narrow, irregular, inconspicuous, and inter- 
rupted. 
Anal opening is subcentral, prominent. 
Ambulacral furrow is very narrow, the tube feet with large sucking disks. 
Color in life, pinkish buff; in alcohol, a bleached yellowish white. 
Locality: Station 4151, vicinity of Bird Island, 800 to 313 fathoms, fine coral sand, foraminifera, 
stones; bottom temperature, 37.8°. Estimated that the trawl took bottom at about 800 fathoms depth, 
and was dragged up steep slope. Type no. 21164, U. S. National Museum. 
This species appears to belong to that section of Tosia, called Ceramaster by Professor Verrill, 
characterized by having 1 ‘ all the plates above and below usually granulated nearly or quite all over, 
unless rubbed; in some species the marginal plates may often have a small, naked, central area. 
Adambulacral plates with 4 to 6 furrow spines.” (Op. cit., p. 161.) This subgenus is mainly Atlantic 
in distribution. 
F. C. B. 1903, Pt. 3—19 
