THE STARFISHES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
1061 
the present species is distinguished principally by the erect and prominent spines of the radial series 
of the abactinal surface of disk. The following differences may or may not be constant: C. spectabilis 
has rather narrower and more numerous superomarginal plates, more prominent adambulacral spines 
(both series), and the superomarginal, inferomarginal, and actinal intermediate spines appear rather 
large. Spectabilis is undoubtedly closely. related to emma, which hails from Japan. When described 
by Gray the locality of this species was unknown, but a specimen was subsequently found in a' bottle 
of insects from Japan. (Perrier, Rev. Stell., p. 226.) 
Genus CALLIASTER Gray. 
Calliaster Gray, Ann. N. H„ vol. Vi, 1840, p. 280. Type, Calliaster childreni Gray. 
Calliaster pedieellaris, new species. 
PI. xxvii, fig. 1; pi. xxviii, figs. 1, 2; pi. xxxi, fig. 1. 
Rays 5. R=75 mm. ; r=25 mm. R=3 r. Breadth of ray between second and third superomar- 
ginal plates, 18 mm.; between fourth and fifth, 13 mm. 
Rays rather long and narrow, very gently tapering to a blunt extremity, the distal superomarginals 
being in contact medially. The rays appear of nearly uniform width after the somewhat abrupt basal 
expansion is passed, although they taper slightly. Interbrachial arcs widely rounded. Lateral walls 
thick, vertical, abactinal surface slightly convex on disk. Disk and rays very rigid and hard. 
Abactinal area is narrow on rays, being narrower beyond the fourth superomarginal than the 
width of a single superomarginal plate. On outer part of ray abactinal plates are reduced to a single 
series, the plates being separated one from another by the superomarginals, which meet in the median 
radial line. Abactinal plates are large, irregularly circular, those of median radial series being slightly 
the largest and somewhat lengthened transversely on basal portion of radial area. The plates of inter- 
brachial angle are not so regular. On central portion of disk there are numerous small plates scattered 
among the larger. These are arranged in more or less of a definite circle around each “radial” plate 
of the primary apical system, and also partially encircle a few neighboring plates. Each primary 
“radial” plate bears a thimble-shaped tubercle, which is repeated on 3 succeeding plates of the median 
radial series, thus making a longitudinal row of 4 tubercles on the proximal portion of each radial 
area. Unfortunately, with the exception of a single tubercle, these are all broken from the unique 
specimen. The scar seems to indicate that they decrease in size outward. The other abactinal plates, 
with the exception of a few in interradial area which are flat, have exposed surface slightly concave, 
and bear in the center a low round granule often set in a special shallow pit with slightly tumid edges. 
Margin of all plates is surrounded by an irregular series of small, poorly defined, low, flat topped 
granules, either roundish or elongated. They lie flush with the level of plates and are more or less 
sunk in membrane, which is visible between the plates. Occasionally there are 2 or 3 series of gran- 
ules, always irregular. In interspaces between the plates small papulae may be seen. 
Marginal plates are massive, forming a broad, solid border to disk and rays. Each plate is dis- 
tinct and tumid. The superomarginals, 15 to 16 in number from median interradial line to extremity 
of ray, are broader than high, and the length is about four-fifths of the chord of extreme width. They 
very gradually decrease in size toward extremity of ray. The 4 or 5 distal plates of each ray are in 
contact medially, while 4 to 6 plates centrally from these may touch by their inner edges, segregating 
1 to 4 quadrate, abactinal plates. Each plate bears in the center, on the exposed tumid portion, a rigid, 
blunt, tubercular spine or elongated thimble-shaped tubercle which decreases in size toward tip of ray, 
and on the last 4 or 5 plates is reduced to a small granule (or may occasionally be wanting). The 
general surface of plates is smooth, except for a group of 2 to 6 small granules, just under the spine, 
on plates of interbrachial arc; and the margin is surrounded by an irregular, usually double, series of 
small, elongate, flattened granules similar to those encircling the abactinal plates. Terminal plate is 
large, with 3 spinules. 
Inferomarginal plates are usually opposite superomarginals, to which they correspond in number. 
They are similar in character to the superomarginals, are tumid, and bear, each, a short, robust, blunt 
spine on the ventro-lateral face. On the first 3 plates there is also a similar spine on the lateral face, 
in a transverse series with the first. The first 4 or 5 plates have a few scattered granules in an irregular 
group on the lateral face, above the spines, and a similar group on the first 2 plates below the inferior 
