THE STARFISHES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
1067 
There is great variation in the details of this spine in the single specimen. On adoral side of plate, 
close to furrow margin, is a very large, upright 2-jawed pedicellaria, the valves being broad and shaped 
something like a pecten shell, only more irregular. Frequently the edge is notched, and one edge 
slightly concave, the other correspondingly convex. On the ray the pedicellaria; decrease in size, and 
are very broadly spatulate with a more contracted base than have those of disks. Outer side of plate is 
beset with 5 to 6 flesh-covered, irregular roundish or 4-sided granules, 1 or 2 of which, on the 4 to 5 
proximal plates, are larger than the others. 
Mouth plates large, but not prominent actinally. Plates are broad, the combined pair with an 
extensive and angular rounded furrow margin. Armature as follows: (1) A furrow series of 8 much 
flattened, abruptly round-tipped, spatulate spines, which become thinner toward the tip like a wedge. 
Their bases are united by a delicate web. They are more regular than the adambulacral furrow spines 
and a trifle smaller, except the inner 2, which are large, very broad, and hatchet-like. The innermost 
tooth is largest of all. (2) Back of furrow spines the actinal surface is bare for a short distance, 
the remainder of surface being covered with the characteristic granules, which are not crowded, and 
which increase in size toward outer end of plate. In center of actinal surface is a single upright 
pedicellaria, similar to, but smaller and slenderer than those of adambulacrals. First adambulacral is 
larger than the rest, with 6 furrow spines, and its actinal spine reduced in size. Actinostome small, 
entirely roofed over by the large spines. 
Actinal interradial areas are large, forming a nearly equilateral triangle, bounded by the first 2 
inferomarginals; a single series of intermediate plates extends, however, as far as the fifth inferomarginal. 
The plates are roundish and entirely obscured by the numerous compactly placed, round or irregularly 
polygonal skin-covered granules which shrink up when dried and allow the plates to be seen (pi. xxix, 
fig. 3). From 30 to 45 stout, erect, rigid spines, smaller than those of the adambulacrals, and a trifle 
heavier than those of the inferomarginals, are disposed in irregular chevrons over interradial area with 
the exception of a small space immediately outside of mouth plates. These spines are short, conical, 
with grooved, 3- or 4-sided tips, much resembling some sort of a drill. When the specimen is dried 
they are seen to correspond, about 1 to a plate. The calcareous portion of the granules is rugose or 
roughened. A pedicellaria, similar to those already described, is situated near outer end of mouth 
plates, and another about the middle of interradial area. 
Madreporic body small, convex, with coarse, convoluted striations; situated a trifle nearer center 
than midway between latter and margin of disk. 
Tube feet large, with large sucking disks. 
Color in life, pinkish orange. 
Locality: Station 4186, east of Kauai Island, 682-508 fathoms; gray sand, foraminifera; bottom 
temperature 38.1°. One specimen, type no. 21169, U. S. National Museum. 
This species is readily distinguished by the curious fleshy investment of all the granules of the 
body, as well as of the base of the spines. The photographic figure of this species is from the dried 
specimen, in which the membrane has greatly shrunken. 
Subfamily LEPTOGONASTERM Perrier, 1894. 
Leptogonasterin® Perrier, Exp. Scientif. du Travailleur et du Talisman, etc., Echinodermes, 1894, p. 252. 
Genus ANTHENIASTER Verrill. 
Antheniaster Verrill, Trans. Conn. Adad., vol. x, Aug., 1889, p. 173. Type, Anthenoides sarissa Alcock. 
Antheniaster epixanthus, new species. 
PI. xx, fig. 3; pi. XXVI, figs. 1, la-c; pi. xxix, figs. 1, 2; pi. xlix, fig. 1. 
Rays 5. R=90 mm.; r=47 mm. R=1.92 r. Breadth of ray, between first and second superO- 
marginals, 47 mm. ; between fifth and sixth, 25 mm. 
General form is flat and depressed. Disk large, pentagonal, slightly inflated in most specimens. 
Rays short, broad, tapering, flat, acute, but not narrow-pointed. In smaller specimens the rays are 
much longer. Interbrachial arcs very wide, rounded or occasionally a trifle angular. Lateral wall, 
or margin, rounded-vertical in large specimens; rather angular in the interbrachial arcs of smaller 
specimens, but becoming vertical on outer part of ray, which is then quadrate in section. The whole 
animal is covered with a moderately thick, tough but soft membrane or skin, which obscures the out- 
