THE STARFISHES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
1071 
Concerning the capture of this specimen, Mr. Henshaw has sent me the following notes: “They 
are by no means rare in a small inlet some three miles south of Cocoanut Island. If I remember 
rightly, all I found were under stones in shallow water, two or three feet deep. In other words, so far 
as I observed it, it was a littoral, shallow water species.” This is the only species of starfish, so far 
as I' am aware, that may be collected along shore in the islands, unless Ophidiaster lorioli be excepted. 
This specimen agrees very well with the original description of Muller and Troschel, and with the 
notes given byde Loriol (M6m. de Societe Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. Geneve, xxiv, 1885, p. 48). DeLoriol 
also gives a good figure (op. cit, pi. xv, fig. 6) with which our example shows a few unimportant 
points of difference. 
Form pentagonal, the sides of disk only very slightly curved inward. R = 29 mm.; r = 23.5 mm. 
R = 1.23 r. As noted byde Loriol there are 14 superomarginals to a side, or 7 to the “ray”, instead of 
6, as stated by Muller and Troschel. The ultimate plate of each series is very small, and is wedged 
between the penultimate and ocular plates. There are 9 inferomarginals to the ray, the last plate 
being very small indeed. 
The superomarginals are somewhat tumid, and are broader than high. Besides the even, fine 
granulation, each bears from 2 to 10 conspicuous, low, hemispherical, or subconical, tubercular gran- 
ules, unevenly disposed. Inferomarginals are similarly armed. There are no pedicellarise on any of the 
marginal plates. Between the 2 series of marginal plates, on the lateral wall of the body, is a row of 
5 to 7 pits, each of which occurs at the junction of a dorso-ventral with the horizonal suture. 
Abactinal surface is covered with a much finer granulation than the actinal, and each plate is sur- 
rounded by 6 to 8 papular areas which appear in many cases practically confluent. These areas contain 
8 to 20 pores, and a cuneiform area containing about 15 to 18 pores occurs between the dorsal ends of 
the superomarginal plates (excepting between 5 and 6 and 6 and 7). Each abactinal plate bears near 
the center 1 to 3 of the tubercular granules, a few of which occur also, here and there, over the papu- 
lar areas. A number of plates toward center of disk bear small bivalved pedicellarise similar to those 
of Pentaceros and flush with the general level of the granulation. These are not very numerous and 
are irregularly scattered, never more than 2 to a plate. The madreporic body is raised above the 
general surface and is situated about one-third the distance from the center to margin. About its bor- 
der are several tubercular granules. The plates toward the end of ray and adjacent to superomar- 
ginals appear to be a trifle convex, the tumidity being surmounted by the granule, or granules. 
The actinal intermediate plates are arranged in chevrons and decrease in size toward the margin. 
They are polygonal, and covered with a coarser granulation than the dorsal plates — a granulation 
which increases somewhat in coarseness toward the center of each slightly convex plate, which is sur- 
mounted by 1 to 5 enlarged granules, usually of unequal size. Scattered here and there are bivalved 
pedicellarise, 0.25 to 0.75 mm. in length. 
• The furrow spinelets are 4 to 5 in number, robust, short, truncate, slightly flattened, the adoral 
spinelet shorter than the others. On the actinal surface of the plate stands a longitudinal series of 2 
or 3 shorter, thicker, granuliferous spinelets, with often 1 or 2 smaller granules standing in line at 
either end of the series. Occasionally a very small bivalved pedicellar-ia stands at the adoral end of the 
series out of line. Behind the actinal series the fine granulation of the general surface begins, decreas- 
ing in size toward outer end of plate. The furrow spinelets appear a trifle shorter and heavier than 
those figured by de Loriol. A few of the proximal adambulacral plates have 6 furrow spinelets. 
This species has a wide range, being found in following localities: Red Sea, Moluccas, New Guinea 
[Muller and Troschel], Mauritius, Macassar (Celebes), Fiji Islands [de Loriol], Ceylon, Madagascar, 
“Eastern Archipelago” [Sladen]. Its capture in the Hawaiian Islands considerably extends its 
known range. 
Family PENTACER 0 TID 7 E (Gray) Perrier, emend. 1884. 
Pentacerotidre Gray, Synopsis of the Genera and Species of the Class Hypostoma. <Ann. N. H., ser. 1, vol.. vi, 1840, p. 275. 
Perrier, Mem. sur les Etoiles de Mer Recueillies dans la Mer de3 Antilles et le Golfe du Mexique, 1884, pp. 165, 168. 
Key to Hawaiian genera of Pentacerotidse. 
a. Marginal plates fairly distinct, defining the contour of body. 
b. Disk high; rays carinated. Large immovable spines or tubercles on the dorsal surface. Mar- 
ginal plates not conspicuous Pentaceros 
F. C. B. 1903, Pt. 3—20 
