THE STARFISHES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
1095 
pointed granules, larger and more crowded at tip than at base. In 1 specimen a secondary .row of 
enlarged tubercles intervenes between the 2 actinal rows of spines. 
Each adambulacral plate bears a prominent cylindrical, blunt, upright spine on the actinal 
surface. These form a regular, close series at border of furrow, and are slenderer, slightly shorter 
and much more numerous than the adjacent spines of inner actinal series. (In young specimens the 
difference between the 2 series is very marked.) They taper very slightly, have rounded tips, and 
are covered with squamiform granules, which increase in size toward extremity of spine; but on side 
toward furrow there are no.granules except at the very tip, the surface being smooth. Furrow series 
is placed directly at the ba'se of the large actinal spine and consists of 6 to 9 or 10 slender spinules, 
united for their whole length by a fairly tough membrane and forming thus a fan with a very convex 
margin. The 3 or 4 central spinules are much the longest, the outermost of each series being very 
short indeed, especially when there are 8 to 10 spinelets to each fan. 
Madreporic body is of medium size, with rather fine, interrupted striations. It is situated about 
midway between center and margin of disk, and in the larger specimens is nearly completely obscured 
by protuberances of the test. 
The color of the live animal varies somewhat. One medium-sized individual was uniform 
vermilion except ambulacral furrow, which is yellow ocher. A large specimen was colored as 
follows: Papular areas dull brownish or reddish gray (a sort of pinkish sepia); abactinal surface of 
arms with 6 or more dark, or brownish, cross bars; the tubercles of lighter bars light vermilion; 
on the dark cross bars, deep vermilion. On actinal surface no barring visible, the tubercles and 
spines being all bright vermilion.' Suckers of tube feet, yellow. 
Localities: Thirty-six specimens were taken at the following localities, station 4024 with 9 being 
most prolific. 
Record of localities. 
Station. 
Locality. 
Depth. 
Nature of bottom. 
3847 
South coast of Molokai 
Fathoms. 
23-24 
Sand, stones. 
Fine white sand. 
3871 
Auau Channel between Maui and Lanai 
13-43 
3872 
do. 
43-32 
Yellow sand, pebbles, coral. 
Sand, gravel. 
Sand, shells, coral. 
3876 
do 
28-43 
3960 
Vicinity of Laysan 
10-19 
3975 
Necker Island Shoal 
16-171 
Coarse sand, coral, shells. 
3978 
Vicinity of Bird Island 
32-46 
Coral sand, foraminifera, rocks. 
4024 
Vicinity of Kauai 
24-43 
Coarse coral sand, foraminifera. 
4034 
Penguin Bank, south coast of Oahu 
28-14 
Fine coral sand, foraminifera. 
4046 
West coast of Hawaii 
147-71 
Coral sand, foraminifera. 
4062 
Northeast coast of Hawaii 
83-113 
Coral, volcanic sand, shells. 
4t46 
Vicinity of Bird Island 
23-26 
Coarse coral sand. 
4159 
do 
30-31 
Coarse coral sand, broken shells, fora- 
4160 
: do 
31-39 
minifera. 
Coral, coralline. 
4162 
do 
21-24 
Coral. 
4163 
do 
24-40 
Do. 
4164 
do 
40-56 
Coral sand, pebbles, shells. 
4169 
do 
21-22 
Coral. 
4170 
do 
26-27 
Coral sand, foraminifera. 
I have compared the Hawaiian specimens with 2 full grown examples of bradleyi from the Gulf of 
California and a specimen of clavigera from the Fiji Islands. The latter, in the collection of the Cali- 
fornia Academy of Sciences, was taken by A. Garrett, and is labeled Milhrodia spinulosa Gray. This 
example is considerably different from any of the Hawaiian specimens. The rays are slenderer, 
meshes of the skeleton wider, the trabeculae slenderer, and . the granulation of the integument much 
finer. There is a median dorsal row of spines, which are widely placed beyond the middle of the 
ray and are few in number. The other spines are all relatively longer than in Hawaiian specimens, 
with the exception of the adambulacral armature. The trabeculae have numerous small, spaced, 
tubercles which are not swollen and crowded as is often the case in the Hawaiian specimens. On 
the papular areas the granules are elongated into short_ spinelets of a rasp-like appearance. Furrow 
spinelets are 11, the central longest, and the 5 on either side graduated in length, the laterals being 
quite short. These are rather more delicate than in the Hawaiian examples, and decidedly more so 
than in those from the Gulf of California. 
