THE STARFISHES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
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The lateral spines begin at about thirteenth or fourteenth adambulacral plates, and are articulated 
to lateral plates at the extreme ends of the transverse annular ridges. Consequently the lateral spines 
are opposite nearly all of the adambulacral plates, to a dorso-lateral process of which they superficially 
appear to be articulated. Beyond' genital region and annular ridges the lateral spines continue as 
closely spaced for a while, but on the outer third or fourth of ray they are opposite every alternate 
adambulacral plate, with a few irregularities. Lateral spines are long throughout ray, but longest at 
about the middle (11-12 mm.). They are covered with membrane beset with minute pedicellariae. 
Between the first lateral spine and the disk are about 10 to 12 lateral plates, free from the adjacent 
adambulacrals, and irregular as to position and shape. 
Actinostome large, measuring 1.8 mm. across. Mouth plates inconspicuous, excavated on the 
margin toward furrow, and with a lateral prolongation extending into mouth of ambulacral furrow. 
Armature consists of a delicate spinelet about 1.75 mm. in length situated on margin toward actinos 
stome, and another similar but stouter spinelet on tip of the lateral prolongation and directed across 
furrow. Both have a thin membranous investment expanded at. end and covered with minute 
pedicellarise (smaller size. ). On actinal surface, near outer end of each plate, is a stout pointed spine 
about 4 to 5 mm. in length, invested in a membranous sheath which is continued beyond the tip as 
a long vermiform sacculus covered with microscopic pedicellariae. The spines of companion plate- 
stand close together and are directed over actinostome. They are the representatives of the truncate 
spines of the following adambulacral plates, the first 5 or 6 of these having long saccular prolongations 
at the tips. At base of large actinal mouth spine are 2 slender spinelets, one (2 mm. in length) being 
longer than the other. Both are directed across the furrow and bear pedicellarue. 
Madreporic body small, sub-tubercular, situated on the margin of the disk. 
Color in life, salmon pink, yellowish in tone; in alcohol, bleached ashy. 
Variations: A specimen (one arm) from 4178 has quite definite abactinal saccular cross bands of 
pedicellariae, more prominent than in type, beyond the genital region. A specimen from 3828 is 
remarkable in having a dorso-lateral line of ossicles, on either side of the ray about 4 or 5 mm. above 
the upper margin of the adambulacral plates, which extends nearly to the extremity of the genital 
region. This series of ossicles crosses and connects consecutive transverse annular ridges. On one 
ray these are absent. There is no disk preserved, and the specimen is otherwise badly mutilated, but 
appears fairly typical except in the character just cited. 
Localities: Type (no. 21191, U. S. National Museum) from station 4177, vicinity of Niihau Island, 
451-319 fathoms, gray sand and globigerina; bottom temperature 41°. Taken also at station 4178, 
319-378 fathoms, coral sand, rocks, and pebbles (same locality) ; station 3828, south coast of Molokai 
Island, 319-281 fathoms, broken shells and gravel; station 3992, vicinity of Kauai Island, 528 (approxi- 
mately) fathoms, fine gray sand and mud; 4 specimens in all. 
This species is quite distinct from any other Hawaiian form, and is characterized by the numerous 
annular ridges of the arms and by the almost entire absence of prickles from the abactinal membrane. 
The armature of the adambulacral and mouth plates, figured in detail, will also furnish additional 
characters. As compared with the following species, the disk is much larger, the rays more numerous, 
the annular ridges more numerous, and practically every detail of armature different, as shown by the 
accompanying figures. Brisinga panopla shows relationship with B. multicostata Verrill, and B. 
cricophora Sladen, both from the Atlantic, but differs from these species in the details of its structure. 
Brisinga alberti, new species. 
PI. xlv, figs, 1,2; pl.XLVi, figs. 2, 3; pl.XLVH,fig.4, 4a; pi. XLvni, figs. 1, la-c. 
Rays 9. R=230-|-mm. ; r=ll mm. R=about 23 r. Breadth of ray at base, 6-7 mm.; at widest 
part of genital inflation, 8.5 mm.; at middle of ray, 5.5 mm. 
Rays long and rather narrow, depressed in genital region, which is only very slightly inflated, and 
which extends about half the total length of ray. Ray gently tapering to an elongate and extremely 
attenuate extremity. Beyond genital region it is subtriangular in section, with a broad truncate 
median carination, due to the collapsing of thin abactinal membrane on the ambulacral ridge. Disk 
small. Lateral spines very long. Disk much smaller than that of B. panopla , depressed, the abactinal 
surface being on a level with base of rays. Abactinal membrane rather thin and densely crowded 
with small, sharp, tapering, delicate, skin-covered spinelets, 0.75 mm. in length. These are thickest 
and stoutest in center of disk. Membrane covering plates and spinelets bears scattered microscopic 
