THE STARFISHES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
1115 
microscopic pedicellarise, which are attached to a thin membranous investment often expanded into 
a flap at tip. 
Madreporic body small and sub-tubercular, situated near margin of disk, at inner edge of 
interradial plate. 
Color in alcohol yellowish white; in life very probably salmon-red or pink. 
Locality: Type (no. 21193, U. S. National Museum) from station 3992, vicinity of Kauai Island, 
between 400 and 500 fathoms, fine gray sand and mud, bottom temperature 39.6°; 1 specimen. 
This species is characterized by the large disk, 15 rays, well spaced and well developed genital 
costas, which are fairly regular and about 35 in number; by the absence of prickles from the integu- 
ment, except at very base of arms; by the armature of the adambulacral elates and of the mouth elates. 
Named for Dr. Barton Warren Evermann. 
Brisinga fragilis, new species. 
PI. xlvi, fig. 1; pi. xlviii, figs. 3, 3a-c. 
A constantly 10-rayed species, smaller than any of the preceding Brisingas, and with less conspicu- 
ous spines. Some of the characters, especially the armature of the adambulacral plates, are subject to 
considerable variation. The specimens can be divided into about 5 groups, on account of certain small 
differences which are certainly not specific in character. The group with the largest number of 
specimens has been considered the typical form, and the others are referred to in the following 
description as “ variation a, b, c, and d,” merely as a method of systematizing the diagnosis. 
R=171 mm. ; r=7.5 mm. R=23r. Breadth of ray at base 4 mm. ; at widest part of genital region 
(40 mm. from disk) 7 mm.; at last annular ridge 4.5 mm. 
Rays long and slender, rather more inflated in the genital region ( which is often quite depressed) 
than are those of the preceding species. Rays very narrow at base and loosely articulated to disk. 
They gradually expand in genital region, the widest part being about one-fourth distance from base 
to tip. Outer part very gradually tapering to an attenuate extremity. Annular ridges extend about 
one-half length of ray, and beyond them the integument is exceedingly thin and delicate. Annular 
ridges narrow and very prominent. Integument of arms devoid of prickles. Disk small. Lateral spine 
delicate, shorter than in preceding species. 
Disk small and depressed, the abactinal surface being about even with base of arms. Integument 
crowded with small, illy defined, roundish, subtubercular plates, surmounted by one or two spiculiform 
spinelets, quite small and covered with thin membrane. Around base of each of these spinelets are 
scattered a few minute pedicellarise. The plates are more crowded about the eccentric anal opening, 
the spinelets immediately surrounding which are larger than the rest. Each spinelet appears to end 
in 2 or 3 minute points. Interradial plate small. Closely united with it are the proximal marginal 
plates of either adjacent ray, the three plates forming a rude letter Y reversed. The upper, unpaired 
bar represents the interradial plate, and the diverging arms the marginals, set at a lower level and 
closely fused with the interradial. The outer ends of the 2 diverging bars form a double condyle for 
articulation with the second marginal plate of each ray. The three plates appear superficially as one, 
gnd their exposed surface is slightly concave and wholly devoid of spinelets. 
Abactinal membrane of rays thin and translucent and entirely free from integumentary prickles. 
Basal half of ray is crossed by from 24 to 28 annular carinations or calcareous ridges, rather thin but 
prominent. Even in the same specimen there is considerable difference in the number of ridges on 
the several rays. What might be called primary costae are usually opposite each alternate adam- 
bulacral plate; but on arms with more than the usual number of costae the ridges may be opposite 
2 or 3 consecutive plates, then skip one, and so on. In addition to the 24 to 28 ridges, which extend 
completely from side to side of ray, there may be an inconspicuous rudimentary ridge between them 
on the median line, and not reaching the adambulacral plates of either side. These incomplete ridges, 
which are usually quite short, do not have any regularity of occurrence. On some rays they are 
totally absent; on others there is one for about every third intercostal space. Occasionally a primary 
ridge does not extend wholly across the ray, and all are rather irregularly sinuous in the median line. 
The plates which compose the annular ridges are compressed, and bear along the keel-like summit 
distinctly spaced, spiculiform spinelets with swollen bases and very sharp points. There are numerous 
microscopic pedicellarise, also, along sides of these ossicles. Membrane between ridges bears one or 
two narrow transverse bands of microscopic pedicellarise. These bands are continued beyond the 
