MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 
77 
logical Survey, with the exception of the Marquette sheet which, with 
the 16 quadrangles in the Lower Peninsula has been made in co-opera- 
tion with the Michigan Geological Survey. 
For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1910, there was available for 
topographic work $4,000.00 of which amount half was appropriated by 
the state, and half by the U. S. Geological Survey. The Mason quad- 
rangle in Ingham and Livingston counties was completed and work on 
the Lansing quadrangle in Ingham and Eaton counties was begun and 
'about half finished. 
Four thousand dollars of joint co-operative funds is available for the 
present fiscal year ending June 30, 1911. During the past summer field 
work on the Lansing quadrangle was completed and the map is now 
almost ready for the press. Field work on the Charlotte quadrangle 
will be begun in the spring and continued through the summer. 
[n addition to the $4,000.00 of co-operative funds there was appro- 
priated, by the Director of the U. S. Geological Survey on the initiative 
and personal solicitation of the State Geologist, aided by our repre- 
sentatives in congress, $2,500.00 for topographic work in Michigan for 
the fiscal year 1910-11. This will largely increase the amount of work 
which could be done with the co-operative funds alone. However, I have 
no assurance that this, or even a smaller amount will be granted by the 
Federal Survey for a period of years, over and above the amount granted 
under the co-operative plan, although the appropriation was made 
initially to the beginning of work on four quadrangles in the Northern 
Peninsula which was requested by the Director to be undertaken at 
the expense of the Federal Survey. 
The co-operative funds permit of the completion of about one and one- 
half 15-minute quadrangles per year, under the most favorable condi- 
tions. At this rate we shall complete the topographic atlas of the state 
in about 175 years. With ten times our state appropriation, i. e., $20,- 
000.00 per annum, providing that a like amount is appropriated by the 
U. S. Geological Survey, I estimate that the work can be completed in 
15 years. Twenty thousand dollars a year is, in my opinion, not too 
much to be annually appropriated by the state for this work. The 
Federal Survey stand ready to match any appropriation the legislature 
may grant up to $20,000.00. 
Other states have outstripped Michigan in their efforts to complete 
a topographic atlas. The total area of five states has been surveyed, 
six others have surveyed 70% or more of their total area, 18 others 
have surveyed over 30%. Only four other states, viz.: Minnesota, Mis- 
sissippi, Indiana and Florida have so little of their total area surveyed 
as has Michigan. Of these Florida has 3%, Minnesota and Mississippi 
each 4%, and Indiana 8%. No other state has greater need for a topo- 
graphic survey than has Michigan, which in natural resources is second 
to few other equal areas on the continent. 
It will be seen by reference to the table below compiled from the an- 
nual report for 1910 of the Director of the U. S. Geological Survey, 
that of the states which co-operate with the Federal Survey in topo- 
graphic mapping only one, Virginia, appropriates so small an amount 
per annum for this work as does Michigan, yet it should be noted in 
making this comparison that Virginia has surveyed 70% of her entire 
area and Michigan lias surveyed only 8%. 
