MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 
197 
type of this group. The latter species has never been reported as indi- 
genous to this state by any of the writers of catalogues of the state 
flora, although it grows abundantly in and around Ann Arbor, the Ag- 
ricultural College, along the banks of the Huron River and also along 
the banks of the Rouge River in and far above Detroit. The typical 
H. tuberosus was reported by Winchell in his catalogue of I860 and 
quoted by others as the H. hirsutus, the latter being a plant without 
winged petioles or tubers and I doubt that it is indigenous to the state. 
Instead of there being one species of the tuber bearing sunflowers and 
one or two so-called varieties, there is a large number of species of 
various aspects, habits and habitat. The several species vary in height 
from two to twelve feet, from smooth to very rough pubescent, and each 
species bears tubers very characteristic of itself. The earth-branches 
vary in length from two to five feet. This division of the Petiolae in 
contradistinction from the Oylindrae I have named the Tuberae. Al- 
though I have named many of the species in this group, I have neither 
subgrouped nor described them and shall not or cannot do so until the 
proper season arrives. 
COMPARATIVE SYNOPSIS OF THE TWO GREAT DIVISIONS OF THE PERENNIAL 
SUNFLOWERS OF MICHIGAN. 
Plants stationary. 
Plants properly perennial by a perennial crown. 
Crown producing surface buds from which arise 
the aerial stalks of the next year. 
Roots fascicled : fleshy or fibrous, hence Storeatae 
from the Latin storca, a mat. 
Roots: 
(Group Carnosae) fleshy, formed each year anew 
by the perennial crown and completely con- 
sumed the next by the same crown to form new 
roots and stalks. 
(Group Fibrosae) fibrous, perennial and hence 
not consumed by the crown. 
No rootstock, or any growth which is in any degree 
homologous to that form of underground stem, 
notwithstanding the fact that manual writers 
use the term “creeping rootstock” in the des- 
cription of their plants. 
Plants migratorial by a progressive underground 
growth, the earth-branch. 
Perennial by a succession of winter annuals, each 
of which is produced vegetatively by the pre- 
vious year’s plant. 
No crown, and hence no surface buds from which 
next year’s aerial stalks arise. 
Roots not fascicled, or fleshy, or perennial, or 
matted, but few, scattered. 
Roots are annual and hence they do not main- 
tain a living, perennial connection with a 
' crown, since there is none, and through that 
with each other. 
The roots instead of being an outgrowth from a 
perennial crown, arise from the annual earth- 
branch. 
The earth-branch has two seasons of life, Hz., the 
first, or formative season, during which it does 
no work but to come forth and perfect itself 
for the work of the second, or functional season, 
during which it produces an organ like itself, 
and then by death completely severs its con- 
nection with its vegetative offspring, which 
becomes next years plant. The above p ocess 
is repeated for an indefinitely long time. 
TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF SUNFLOWERS. 
f Scabrae e. g.. { 
H. giganteus. 
f Carnosae 
Pinnatae . . . 
{ Glabrae e. g. 
( H. Maximiliani. 
H. Kellermani. 
Storeatae. . -J 
U 
grosseserratus. 
(_ Trinervae.. . . j 
f Asperae. 
Perennial.. 
[ Planae. 
Fibrosae (Not yet well enough studied for subdivision). 
[ Nudipetiolae. 
Petiolae . 
[ Sparsae... . • 
Cylindricae . . \ 
Alatae e. g.. . 
f H. decapetalus. 
1 H. stromosus. 
( Uninervae e. g. H. angustifolius. 
. Nonpetiolae.. , 
Triplinervae e. g. H. divaricatus. 
Tuberae e. g. H-. tuberosus. 
